Sociology

Bureaucratic Ritualism

________- where workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that they become more important than goals.

Coercion

________- When people or groups are compelled to interact with each other.

Cooperation

________- pattern of interaction in which individuals, groups, and societies work together to achieve shared goals.

Thomas Theorem

________- if we define their situations as real, they are real in their own consequences (you view world in bad way, there will be consequences to it)

Hate crimes

________- caused by prejeduce.

Exchange

________- Our interactions with others are guided by the profit motive.

survival of society

Moral panic- very ________ is threatened by something.

Neutralization

________- denial of responsibility; denial of injury, denial of victim, condemning condemners, appear to higher loyalties.

Democratic

________- involve others in decision making.

Crime

________- any act that violates a criminal law.

Durkheim

________- crime is integral part of society; can be functional.

Competition

________- found where we seek to attain a limited resource.

Parkinsons Law

________- work expands to fill time available for its completion.

Medical model

________- deviance is an illness.

Disclaimers

________- assertions designed to forestall any complaints or negative reactions to a behavior or statement about to occur.

Stigma

________- the permanent spoiling of ones identity; defects of body, defects of character, membership in devalued groups.

Peter

The ________ principle- promotion to ones level of incompetence.

Liberation hypothesis

________- women commit less crimes because less opportunity.

Aggregates

________- collection of people thrown together in the same place.

Prescriptive norms

________- what we should do.

Proscriptive norms

________- what we should not do.

Social boundaries

________- material or social devices used to keep various groups out (wall)

Conflict theory

________- those in power set the rules.

Impression management

________: ways that people use revelation and concealment to make a favorable impression on others.

Bureaucracy

________- is a large scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency (expand too much- iron cage)

Deterence theory

________- Crime is the result of the exercise of individual free will.

Psychological theory

________- crime comes from conditioning (abuse, anger repressed)

Social loafing other people

________ do work for you.

Iron Law of Oligarchy

The ________- a small self- serving group of people who achieve power and promote their own interests.

Social institutions

________- Relatively enduring clusters of values, norms, social statuses, roles, and groups that address fundamental social needs.

status

a socially defined position in a social structure

Status Set

all of the statuses a person has at a given time

Status Symbol

a sign that helps to our status

Status inconsistency

Sometimes, a person occupies two or more statuses that society deems contradictory

Master status

A status that dominates all other statuses

achieved status

voluntary require effort to maintain

ascribed status

involuntary; cant choose

role

behaviors associated with ones status

Role Merger

when a role becomes central to a persons identity and the person literally becomes the role he or she is playing

Social institutions

Relatively enduring clusters of values, norms, social statuses, roles, and groups that address fundamental social needs

exchange

Our interactions with others are guided by the profit motive

cooperation

pattern of interaction in which individuals, groups, and societies work together to achieve shared goals

competition

found where we seek to attain a limited resource

coercion

When people or groups are compelled to interact with each other

distance zones

how far the bubble reaches (0-18; 18-4ft; 4-12; 12 plus)

Impression management

ways that people use revelation and concealment to make a favorable impression on others

aligning actions

because of this, apology; because of this, explanation; disclaimer

disclaimers

assertions designed to forestall any complaints or negative reactions to a behavior or statement about to occur

Cooling Out

gently persuading someone who has lost face to accept a less desirable but still reasonable alternative identity

stigma

the permanent spoiling of ones identity; defects of body, defects of character, membership in devalued groups

Thomas Theorem

if we define their situations as real, they are real in their own consequences (you view world in bad way, there will be consequences to it)

Aggregates

collection of people thrown together in the same place

Categorical Groups

groups of people who share common characteristics, such as blue-eyed sociology teachers, who enjoy following politics and reading history

Associational or Organizational Groups

Republican Party, Lutheran Church

Primary Groups

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships

Secondary Groups

two or more people who interact on a formal and impersonal basis to accomplish specific objective

In-Group

A group with which people identify and have a sense of belonging

Positive

i want to be like

negative

i do not want to be like

dyad

2; unstable

triad

3; more stable; may have 2 conspire against other

ideal group size

5

Authoritarian

give orders and direct activities with minimal input from followers

Democratic

involve others in decision making

Laissez-faire Leaders

"Hands off" leadership style

Identifying Features of Bureaucracies

Specialization and division of labor

The Iron Law of Oligarchy

a small self-serving group of people who achieve power and promote their own interests

Bureaucratic Ritualism

where workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that they become more important than goals

The Peter principle

promotion to ones level of incompetence

Parkinsons Law

work expands to fill time available for its completion

social boundaries

material or social devices used to keep various groups out (wall)

voluntary organizations

we join voluntarily (church)

coercive organizations

groups we join against our will (school)

utilitarian organizations

joined for practical reasons (MMU)

Crime

any act that violates a criminal law

Deviance

the violation of a social norm

pseudo deviance

pretend deviance (pretend to be a hell raiser) (vegas)

prescriptive norms

what we should do

proscriptive norms

what we should not do

range of tolerance

under-( vacuum never), over-conformity (vacuum 2 times a day) and conformity (vacuum once a week)

dysfunctions of deviance

Deviance may lead to a decrease in social stability

functions of deviance

Helps us understand what is and is not acceptable, Punishment of deviant behavior promotes social solidarity

deterence theory

Crime is the result of the exercise of individual free will

psychological theory

crime comes from conditioning (abuse, anger repressed)

medical model

deviance is an illness

conflict theory

those in power set the rules

containment theory

all of us are tempted to commit wrongs, but inside and outside forces prevent us from acting on them

labeling theory

labeling makes a difference

neutralization

denial of responsibility; denial of injury, denial of victim, condemning condemners, appear to higher loyalties

social bond theory

LOVE

Milgrams teachers and learners

no real shocks; how far would you go when a person of authority is telling you what to do

moral entrepreneurs

something in society needs to be changed

moral crusades

effort to identify wrongdoing, inform others

moral panic

very survival of society is threatened by something

hate crimes

caused by prejeduce

liberation hypothesis

women commit less crimes because less opportunity

Durkheim

crime is integral part of society; can be functional