Chapter 4: Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

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9 Terms

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Behavior Genetics

studies limits and power of nature vs nurture

nurture works on what nature gives us

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Chromosomes

threadlike structures made up of DNA with our genes

23 pairs - 46 total

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DNA

complex molecules containing genetic information

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Genes

biochemical units of heredity that make up chromosomes

the threadlike coils of DNA

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Identical twins

looks exactly the same

monozygotic - single fertilized egg that splits in two

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Fraternal twins

differences appearance-wise

dizygotic - result of two separate eggs being fertilized by two different sperm cells

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Twin research

  • identical twins do not always have the same numbers of copies of genes

  • 1/3 sets of identical twins have separate placentas

  • identical twins show greater similarity than fraternal twins w/extraversion and neuroticism

  • drinking and driving 12x greater w/identical twins

  • separate fraternal twins do not exhibit similarities comparable to identical twins

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Adoption research

  • adopted children seem to be more similar to genetic relatives than nurture relatives

  • adoptive parents are least likely to influence personality traits of their adoptive children (nature > nurture)

  • most adoptive children thrive, especially when adopted as infants (nurture > nature)

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Temperament

  • temper

  • emotional reactivity and intensity

  • apparent first few weeks of life

  • Research - temperament tends to persist into adulthood