Kin 483-Ch.2: Organizing and Displaying Data

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Exam 1

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Organizing Data: 3 Types of Distribution Tables

What happens if you collect data on: weight, height, gender, physical activity, muscular strength, muscular power?

You must organize raw data to get valuable information

Distributions tables can help! (not a statistical procedure)

3 Types of Distribution Tables:

Rank Order Distribution
Simple Frequency Distribution
Grouped Frequency Distribution

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Rank Order Distribution

Ordered listing of data (low to high, high to low) in a single column
Good for small data or when data can be viewed on 1 page
Can easily view the range
Range: numerical value from highest to lowest
Formula: Range = Highest Value – Lowest Value

X represents a variable (vertical jump)

N (number of observations) = 9

H = 45

L = 26

Range = 45-26=19

<ul><li><p>Ordered listing of data (low to high, high to low) in a single column</p></li><li><p>Good for small data or when data can be viewed on 1 page</p></li><li><p>Can easily view the range</p></li><li><p>Range: numerical value from highest to lowest</p><p>Formula:<mark data-color="purple"> Range = Highest Value – Lowest Value</mark></p></li></ul><p> X represents a variable (vertical jump)</p><p>N (number of observations) = 9 </p><p>H = 45</p><p>L = 26</p><p>Range = 45-26=19</p>

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Simple Frequency Distribution

Used with larger data sets
N > 20
R ≤ 20
Contains 2 columns: 1 for the variable, 1 for the frequency
Allows you to fit data on 1 page = easier viewing

X = Variable of Interest

f = number of cases at each value of X

<ul><li><p> Used with larger data sets</p><p> N > 20 </p><p> R ≤ 20</p></li><li><p>Contains 2 columns: 1 for the variable, 1 for the frequency</p></li><li><p>Allows you to fit data on 1 page = easier viewing</p></li></ul><p>X = Variable of Interest</p><p>f = number of cases at each value of X</p>

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Grouped Frequency Distribution

Used for data with large ranges
Contains 2 columns: 1 for groups of the variable of interest, 1 for the frequency
No specific rule for sizes
Don’t make groups too big – hides information
Don’t make groups too small – defeats the purpose of grouping

Disadvantages:

information about individual is lost
No distribution if you look within a group

What if you have decimals?

Round up & down
84.4 = 84
84.5 = 85

<ul><li><p> Used for data with large ranges</p></li><li><p>Contains 2 columns: 1 for groups of the variable of interest, 1 for the frequency</p></li><li><p>No specific rule for sizes</p><p>Don’t make groups too big – hides information</p><p>Don’t make groups too small – defeats the purpose of grouping </p></li></ul><p>Disadvantages:</p><ul><li><p>information about individual is lost</p></li><li><p>No distribution if you look within a group</p></li></ul><p>What if you have decimals?</p><ul><li><p>Round up & down</p></li><li><p>84.4 = 84</p></li><li><p>84.5 = 85</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Graphs

Visual representations of data
We can use a variety of graphs to display data in various ways
Bar Graph or Histogram
Line Graph or Frequency Polygon
Cumulative Frequency Graph

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Bar Graph or Histogram

Bars on the x-axis represent the groups

Frequency is plotted on y-axis

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Line Graph or Frequency Polygon

Amount of articles written about iPhone in 1 month period of time

Dip when iPhone launches so that writers could review iPhone