Changing Populations

What is a population?

A group of interacting and interbreeding organisms.

What are the factors that can cause evolution?

Selection, genetic drift, migration, mutation, and non-random mating.

What are the requirements for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

No selection, no drift, no migration, no mutation, and random mating, large pop

Are the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions reasonable for most populations? Why or why not?

No, because living things don't obey these rules.

What is natural selection?

The process that changes allele frequencies based on the fitness of alleles.

What is mutation?

A change in DNA.

What is a deleterious mutation?

A mutation that decreases fitness or makes something work less well.

What is fitness?

The ability of an allele to pass itself down.

What is a beneficial mutation?

Mutation that improves function or fitness

Is mutation the only way new alleles can be introduced to populations?

No, migration also introduces new alleles

What is non-random mating?

Mating preference based on genotype or phenotype

What is assortative mating?

Preference for similar genotypes and phenotypes

What is disassortative mating?

Preference for opposite or different genotypes and phenotypes

Which type of mating increases homozygosity?

Assortative mating

What is inbreeding?

Mating between close relatives

What is migration?

Movement of individuals into a new population

What is another term for migration?

Gene flow

Does gene flow make populations more or less similar?

More similar

What causes change in allele frequencies due purely to chance?

Genetic drift

Why does drift have a bigger effect in small populations?

Because chance events have a greater impact

Gene Flow

transfer of genetic material from one population to another. (migration)

Genetic Drift

random changes in allele frequencies.