Chapter 1 Anatomy & Physiology I

In anatomical position, forearm is rotated or

Supinated

When palms face posteriorly, (not anatomical position) forearm is

pronated

In anatomical position are right/left from viewer or subject's perspective?

Subject's perspective

What are the three anatomical planes

Transverse, sagittal, and frontal (coronal)

What makes up the Dorsal Cavity (posterior)

Cranial cavity, vertebral cavity

What membrane lines the dorsal cavity ?

Meninges

What makes up the ventral/anterior cavity?

Abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, thoracic cavity

What membrane lines the ventral cavity?

Serous Membranes

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

The diaphragm

What thick wall divides the thoracic cavity in half?

The Mediastinum

What membrane is the heart enfolded in?

Pericardium

What is the inner layer of the membrane on the surface of the heart?

Visceral Pericardium

What is the outer layer of the membrane that lines the inside of the pericardial cavity?

Parietal Pericardium

The ____cavity surrounds the heart and its inner layer is called ____ ____ and outer layer is called ____ ____

Pericardial; visceral pericardium ; perietal pericardium

In what cavity are the lungs located?

The thoracic cavity

Name the serous membrane that surrounds the lungs

Pleura

What are the inner and outer layers of the membrane around the lungs?

Visceral pleura ; Parietal Pleura

The narrow space in between the parietal and visceral pleura is called what?

Pleural cavity

Name the two layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity

Visceral (inner) and Parietal (outer) Peritoneum

What does the visceral serous membrane line? What does the parietal serous membrane line?

Visceral lines the organ, parietal lines the body cavity (space)

Organs of abdominal cavity are retroperitoneal if they are in what position ?

Not fully covered by peritoneum (only on side facing peritoneal cavity)

The intestines are suspended from abdominal wall by what translucent membrane?

Mesentary

What fatty membrane hangs like an apron from the inferolateral margin of the stomach and overlies the intestines? (an example of mesentary)

Greater omentum

When a visceral peritoneum membrane divides to surround organs, the outer layer of the organ is called ?

The Serosa

The Visceral peritoneum is made of what two elements?

The serosa and mesentaries

The internal cavity of a uterus where membranes are pressed together normally but may be pushed apart to fit a fetus is an example of what?

Potential Space

What organ system eliminates wastes, regulates blood volume and pressure, stimulates red blood cell formation, and detoxifies?

Urinary System

What organ system produces hormones?

Endocrine

What organ system distrubutes nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolytes. heat, immune cells, etc.

Circulatory

What organ system recovers excess tissue fluid, detects pathogens, and produces immune cells?

Lymphatic System

Name the hierarchy of complexity

Organism, organ system, organs, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules, atoms

Name 4 characteristics of life

Organization, cellular composition, metabolism, responsiveness/movement, homeostasis, development (differentiation/specialization of cells and growth), Reproduction, evolution

Homeostasis

Body's ability to detect change and activate mechanisms that opposite it to maintain stable internal conditions

What is described as balanced change?

Dynamic equilibrium (body fluctuates around a set point)

Name the three components of a feedback loop

Receptor, Integrating (control) center, Effector

Positive feedback

amplifies change in same direction (blood clotting; pregnancy) can be harmful if it doesnt stop ie: high fever

Vertical lines dividing the abdomen are called what?

midclavicular lines

The superior horizontal line that divides the abdomen into quadrants is called

Subcostal line

The inferior horizontal line that divides the abdomen into quadrants

Intertubercular line

Order from superior to inferior; umbilical, cervical, cephalic, abdominal, thoracic

cephalic (head), cervical (neck), thoracic (chest), umbilical, abdominal,

From superior to interior order the three lateral sections of abdomen; lumbar, linguinal, hypochondriac

hypochondriac, lumbar, linguinal

From superior to inferior, order the three medial sections of the abdomen; hypogastric, epigastric, umbilical

Epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric

Stomach is located in which quadrant

Upper left quadrant

The digestive organs, spleen, and kidneys are located where?

In the abdominal cavity

The bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs are located where?

The Pelvic cavity