Lecture 5: The Diversity of Life-Animals

Extracellular Matric

The fiber in which animal cells are embedded

Cambrian Explosion

The rapid diversification of animal body types and lineage that the beginning of the Proterozoic eon.

Choanocytes

sponge feeding cell

Tissues

MULTIPLE types of cells that work together to perform one function

Diploblast

animals with only the ectoderm and endoderm

Triploblast

animals with all three tissue types

Endoderm

the inner skin

Ectoderm

the outer skin

Mesoderm

the middle skin

Radial Symmetry

organism is symmetrical based off a central axis

Bilateral symmetry

organism is symmetrical based off of cutting it down the middle

Cephalization

an anterior region in animals where the mouth and sense organs are clustered

Coelom

an enclosed fluid-filled body cavity between the two tubes

Coelomates

coelom is completley surrounded by mesoderm

Acoelomates

there is no coelom

Pseudocoelomates

mesoderm surrounds coelom and coelom surrounds endoderm

What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?

vertebrates have a back bone and invertebrates do not

Segmentation

division of body into smaller similar parts

Are animals prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms?

eukaryotic orgamisms

How to animals obtain nutrients?

animals are heterotrophs, so they ingest carbon compounds from other organisms

How is the evolution of animals from choanoflagellates explained?

sponges are the earliest animals to appear, and they have a lot in common with choanoflagellates

Blastula

the hollow beginning formations of tissue

Gastrula

the formation of germ tissues and gastrulation

What does it mean for an organism to have an incomplete digestive system?

a single opening on the organisms that is meant for food intake and eliminating waste

What are the differences in embryonic development in protostomes and deuterostomes?

Protostomes develop the mouth first, while deuterostomes develop the anus

What are the differences in coelom formation in protostomes and deuterostomes?

protostomes develop the mouth first and deuterostomes develop the anus first

What are the differences in major phyla in protostomes and deuterostomes?

Protostomes consist of Rotifera, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, and Arthropoda, while Deuterostomes consist of Chordata and Echinodermata.

Porifera

sponges, no true tissue

Cindaria

jellyfish, radial symmetry, diploblastic

Nematoda

roundworms, bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, pseudocoelomates

Arthropods

insects, bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, pseudocoelomates

Platyhleimes

flatworms, bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, acoelomates

Annedila

segmented worms, bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, coelomates

Mollusca

clams, bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, coelomates

Echodermata

starfish, bilateral/ radial symmetry, triploblastic, coelomates

Chordata

chordates, vertebrates, bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, coelomates