Exam 1 CSDS 80

Mand

verbal request or demand made by someone to obtain something they want or need

Tact

This is used to comment or describe things and events around the speaker

Morphology

structures

Syntax

conveys meaning

Semantics

meaning conveyed by words, phrases, & sentences

Pragmatics

social use of language

Reinforcer

something the listener says or does that increases the possibility of the verbal response occurring again

Punisher

something the listener says or does that decreases the possibility of the verbal response occurring again

What are the components of communication

Voice, Articulation, Language, Fluency, Hearing

Phonology

the study of the sounds of speech (phonemes) and rules/patterns that assist in creating words

Phonetics

classification of speech sounds into symbols to allow transcription of how a person articulates

Receptive Language

understanding what is expresssed

Expressive Language

producing language

Morpheme

smallest meaningful unit of language

Bound Morpheme

have to be attached to a free morpheme as they do not convey meaning by themselves

Types of morphemes?

Base or root (free morphemes)

Types of bound morphemes?

grammatical endings: plurals, -ing

Examples of Syntax

Like Yoda, he speaks backwards but you still understand him

Examples of Semantics

Silly mommy, mommy come, Wendy eat brownie

Examples of Pragmatics

In Japan eye contact is considered disrespectful, while in the West it is viewed positively

What are true statements about disorders of articulation

Inability to correctly produce one or more phonemes

True statements about language disorders in children

impaired learning

doesn’t acquire language at the same rate as their peers

developmental milestones for speech are delayed

many content words, few function words

high probability of academic issues

True statements about language disorders in adults

children with unresolved language disorders

brain injury, particularly to the left hemisphere

gradual, progressive language disorder may be general dementia or neurological disease such as Alzheimer’s

Objective

Impartial and quantifiable

Subjective

rely on human judgement

Influences on dialects

Social class, education, occupation, income level

Historical, social, & cultural forces

What should be addressed in therapy should a language difference be elected to be targeted

People wanting to reduce their accent in secondary language or gain competence of a secondary language

Be able to identify accuracy of statements related to clinical services to bilingual children

~ Are they okay to be rendered by a native speaker of the language?
~ Is it okay to use an interpreter?

Code switching

shifting between languages during the same conversational episode

Language mixing

using words from two language within the same sentence

What research findings are about language acquisition for bilingual children

The rate of language acquisition may be a bit slower than normal

What are the major systems supporting speech and hearing

Respiratory

phonatory

resonatory

auditory

articulatory

central nervous

What is the protective function of the rib cage

Protect the heart and lungs

What are examples of poor breath support for speaking?

Soft/weak voice

shortened phrasing

weak oral plosives (p, v, t, d, k, g)

choppy and/or unnatural speech rhythm

fluency issues

What impacts vocal quality

mass length, and tension of vocal folds

degree of compression between vocal folds

amount of subglottal pressure

frequency, intensity, and amplitude of vocal fold vibrations

physical symmetry of vocal folds is needed for synchronized vibrations

Resonance

Is caused by modification of sounds due to passing through various chambers, cavities, and structure

Requires voice

nasal Emission are not resonance disorders

Sections of the pharynx

Nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx

Occlusion

Arches are standard and the top teeth rest just over the bottom teeth

Malocclusion

when dentition doesn’t fit together properly

class 1 malocclusion - bite is fine, misaligned arches

class 2 malocclusion - upper jaw rests in front of lower jaw

class 3 malocclusion - upper jaw rests behind lower jaw

What are divisions within the nervous system

Cranial, Spinal, Peripheral autonomic

Communication

The definition for this term is: Social interaction among people that affects their actions

Behavioral and Linguistic

The main theories of language

Speech Sound Disorder

Another term for an articulation disorder is what kind of disorder?

Accent

Term for primary language influences speech sounds and rhythms of a secondary language

Resonance is the same as vocal quality, true or false?

False

Brain and Spinal Cord

The divisions of the CNS

Behavioral

This approach focuses on how a community responds to verbal behaviors (which then shapes behavior)

Language Disorder

Telegraphic speech is a characteristic of this disorder