Donor Selection and Blood Collection

What is an allogenic donation?

Donated for use by the general population

What is a directed donation?

Donation reserved for use by a specific patient

What is autologus donation?

Donation reserved for self for later use

Whtat is an apheresis donation?

Donation of a specific component of blood

what is the minimum age to donate blood?

17

16 w/ parental consent

What is the difference between indefinite, permanent, and temporary deferrals?

Indefinite = cannot donate until regulatory statute is changed

Permanent = will never be eligible to donate

Temporary = a potential donor is ineligible to donate blood for a specific period, but may be eligible again later

What is the deferral time for babesiosis?

History of babesisos: indefinite deferral

What is the deferral time for chagas disease?

indefinite deferral

What is the deferral time for CJD?

Indefinite

What is the deferral time for Leishmaniasis?

Travel to Iraq: defer for 1 year from departure

What is the deferral time for Malaria?

• History of malaria: 3 years since infection

• Lived in endemic area(s) for 5 consecutive years: 3 years from departure

• Travel to endemic area: defer for 1 year from departure

A woman who just gave birth wants to donate blood, what is the deferral time?

6 weeks

People given the German measles vaccine & Varicella-zoster vaccine must wait how long before donating blood?

4 weeks

Measles vaccine

Mumps vaccine

Polio (oral) vaccine

Typhoid vaccine

Yellow fever vaccine

People given these vaccines must wait how long before donating blood?

2 weeks

What is the acceptable blood pressure range for donors?

Systolic= 90-180 mm Hg

diastolic= 50-100 mm HgSystolic =

What is the acceptable pulse range for donors?

50-100 beats per minute

What is the acceptable tempeature range for donors?

<37.5 C (99.5 F)

What is the acceptable hgb/hct range for donors?

Males: 39% >13

Females: 38% >12.5

Determine the volume of blood to be collected from a donor when they are less than 110 pounds

None. They should be temporarily deferred. Why?

A lower weight indicates a lower blood volume, making the removal of a standard donation volume potentially detrimental

What gauge needle is used for venipuncture?

16 gauge

Symptoms during draw: Weakness, sweating, dizziness, pallor, nausea, vomiting

What is the next course of action?

Remove needle and cuff; elevate legs above head; apply cold compress to forehead

Symptoms during draw: Syncope (fainting)

What is the next course of action?

Cold compresses on back of neck

Symptoms during draw: Twitching or muscle spasms

What is the next course of action?

Have donor cough

Symptoms during draw: Hematoma

What is the next course of action?

Apply pressure for 7-10 minutes; apply ice for five minutes

Symptoms during draw: Convulsion

What is the next course of action?

Call for help, Make sure the donor doesnt fall, ensure airway is okay

Symptoms during draw: Cardiac difficulties

What is the next course of action?

Call 911 & begin CPR

Discuss what a donor should be told as they depart the donor center after a unit of blood was collected

• Contact us with any concerns

• Avoid smoking for 30 minutes

• Avoid drinking alcohol until you eat

• If dizzy or faint, lie down or sit with your knees between your head

• Drive more fluids over the next four hours

• Caution folks who work in physically demanding fields to be careful and vigilant of their safety

• Remove the bandage only after a few hours

• Inform the blood center if any symptoms persist

• Remind them they can donate whole blood again in 8 weeks!

State the length of time that is required between whole blood donations

8 weeks (56 days)

This means you can donate whole blood up to six times per year.

Define confidential unit exclusion and discuss its importance

a safety mechanism in blood donation that allows donors to privately indicate whether their blood is safe for transfusion.

It acts as a safety net if a donor feels pressured to donate but realizes their blood may carry a risk of infection,

List the disadvantages of autologous (self) donation

Presurgical anemia

Presurgical hypovolemia (a depleted circulating fluid or blood volume before surgery)

Possible clerical errors

Possible hypoxemia

What is interoperative salvage?

Collection and reinfusion of shed blood using approved devices that washes, filters, and concentrates the blood

Patients who predeposit blood can donate every __ days up to __ hours before procedure

3 days up to 72 hours before procedure

What is a directed donation?

A friend or relative donates in their name

What is aphereis?

Removal of one component by centrifugation with the rest returned to the donor

ex. leukapheresis, platelet pheresis, plasmapheresis

How frequent can plateletpheresis donors donate?

Can only donate every 48 hours and no more than twice per week

*No aspirin within last 36 hours

What is hemapheresis? What is the donatoion criteria?

Two units of packed red blood cells are removed

• Donors must be larger to handle the loss

• Males 130 lbs and 5 feet 1 inch tall

• Females 150lbs and 5 feet 5 inch tall

• MUST HAVE HCT>40%

Donor deferral is 16 weeks instead of 8 weeks

List and describe the five layers of screening the blood supply to maintain a safe blood supply

Layer I: Population Screening

Layer II: Individual Screening

Layer III: Lab Testing

Layer IV: Confidential Unit Exclusion

Layer V: Donor Record Checks

What testing is done for syphilis?

Non-treponemal test or anti-treponema antibodies

What testing is done for chagas disease?

IgG antibody to T. cruzi (only one time test/donor)

Describe what happens to a donated unit when an antibody screen is determined to be positive?

• Plasma and platelets cannot be used

• RBC’s should be washed to remove Antibody

• RBC units must be labeled with antibody interp

What is used as a Syphilis screening test and confirmatory test?

Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) is used as a screen

Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption is the test used for confirmation

T or F: A positive syphilis screen and negative confirmatory test can be transfused?

True! However it must be on the label

What does a positive HBsAG test mean?

Active hepatitis infiction

What does a positive Anti-HBc test mean?

represents previous infection

What does a positive Anti-HCV test mean?

represents current or past infection with Hepatitis C

What is the significance of nucleic acid testing?

More sensitive than immunoassay and detects active infection earlier in disease process

Allows pooling of 6-16 donors (see objective #27)

Justify the use of pooling donors when performing Nucleic Acid Testing

Pooling is commonly used in blood donation screening for diseases like HIV, HBV, and HCV, where the prevalence is generally low.

• Cost efficint

• Faster results