Bonding and reactions

Compound

Compound

two or more elements whose atoms are chemically bonded

Chemical bond

Force that holds atoms together

Octet rule

8 valence electrons on the outermost energy level

Covalent Bond

bond where valence electrons are shared between atoms

Polar covalent bond

bond where one atom has a slightly stronger pool on the electrons than the other (Occurs between atoms of different elements)

Non-polar covalent bond

bond where both atoms equally share the electrons (occurs between atoms of the same element)

Ionic bond

bond where one atom loses electrons and the other gains electrons

Cation

atom that loses the electrons, has a positive charge

Anion

atom that gains the electrons, has a negative charge

Oxidation number

number of electrons that need to be lost or gained to achieve a full outer shell of valence electrons

Law of Conservation of Mass

in a chemical reaction mass is either created nor destroyed but transformed into new products

Chemical reaction

reaction where reactants are changed into new substance

Synthesis

to reactants react to become one product

Single replacement

an element and compound react to form a new compound in element

Double replacement

two compounds react to form two new compounds

Decomposition

a compound reacts to form two or more products

Combustion

a hydrocarbon and oxygen gas react to form water and carbon dioxide

to become more stable

Why do atoms bond?

covalent and ionic

What are two types of bonds?

two non-metals

Covalent bonds form between…

share

Atoms in a covalent bond….. electrons

weaker bonds, usually liquid or gas, etc

What are the properties of covalent compounds?

when ionic bonds are formed one atom loses electrons and one gained electrons forming ions

How are ions formed?

Metals

What type of elements are typically cations?

Nonmetals

what type of elements are typically a anions?

metals and non-metals

ionic bonds are formed between what types of elements?

oppositely charged

Ionic bonds are formed between… ions

Transferred

In ionic bonds, electrons are ….. between atoms

Antione Lavoisier

Who is the father of modern-day chemistry?

color change, formation of gas, temperature change, production of ador, formation of a precipitate (solid) production of light

How do you know a chemical reaction has occurred?

Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion

What are 5 types of reactions?