(COMPLETE) LEC 1: Indigenous Peoples and Their Identity

Approximately how many indigenous people are estimated to live worldwide?

more than 370 million

Across how many countries are indigenous peoples spread globally?

70 countries

What is the common definition for the descendants of those who inhabited a region before people of different cultures arrived?

Indigenous Peoples

How many Lumad ethnolinguistic groups in MIndanao are recognized by the Philippine government?

18 groups

How many Muslim ethnolinguistic groups in Mindanao are officially recognized by the Philippine government

13 groups

Why has the Philippine census of indigenous groups in Mindanao remained inconsistent?

The isolation of these groups

Which term describes the Mindanao indigenous groups that are neither Muslim nor Christian?

Lumads

Name the Mindanao indigenous group that appears on both the Lumad and Muslim lists in the source

Kalagan

The Lumads are:

1. Subanen

2. Manobo

3. B’laan

4. T’boli

5. Mandaya

6. Mansaka

7. Tiruray

8. Higaonon

9. Bagobo

10. Bukidnon

11. Tagakaolo

12. Banwaon

13. Dibabawon

14. Talaandig

15. Mamanwa

16. Manguangan

17. Ubo

18. Kalagan

The Muslims are:

1. Maranao

2. Maguindanao

3. Tausug

4. Kalagan

5. Sangil

6. Ilanun/Iranun

7. Palibugan

8. Yakan

9. Sama

10. Badjao

11. Jumamapun

12. Palawanon

13. Molbog

According to the UN, what is the most ‘fruitful approach’ to the term indigenous?

to identify rather than define the people

What is the fundamental criterion for identifying indigenous peoples as underlined by human rights documents?

self-identification

The term ___is often used as a generic term for ___ people, though some countries prefer ‘tribes’ or ‘first nations’

Indigenous

Identify the South Asian term for indigenous people

Adivasi (or Janajati)

According to the UN, an official definition of ‘indigenous’ has been adopted by all UN-system bodies

FALSE (no official definition has been adopted)

In the UN’s modern understanding, indigenous people must have historical___with pre-colonial societies

continuity

Indigenous people generally form___groups of society

non-dominant

Indigenous people dmeonstrate a resolve to maintain and reproduce their____environments

ancestral

Why might some individuals choose not to reveal or define their indigenous origin?

The term ‘indigenous’ can have negative connotations

Which reason for self-identification helps indigenous people assert their distinct cultural histories and rights?

Recognition and Visibility

How does self-identification as an IP contribute to ‘Advocacy and Empowerment’?

It enables them to hold goverments and institutions accountable

Self-identification is often necessary for IPs to access specific____or programs designed for their communities

rights (or benefits/resources)

Which benefit of self-identification facilitates collective action through a sense of solidarity?

Community Building

Indigenous people possess invaluable knowledge for the___management of natural resources

sustainable

Why is it important for Ips to embrace their identity?

cultural preservation and promote their unique traditions, languages, customs, and their crafts

What land area has fundamental importance for the collective physical and cultural survival of indigenous people?

ancestral land

What is a common problem shared by diverse indigenous people?

Economic marginalization

What do indigenous people strive for regarding their ways of life and territories

Recognition of their identities and rights to traditional lands

What is being defined?

Tangible and intangible cultural expressions that embody unique worldviews, traditions, and relationships with ancestral lands

Indigenous Craft

How do indigenous crafts fundamentally differ from Western concepts of art?

They prioritize functional and spritual purposes over mere aesthetic value, they are living manifestations of cultural continuity. They are deeply intertwined with cultural practices, spirituality, and commuity identity

Indigenous crafts are described as ‘living manifestations’ of what?

Cultural continuity

Through what primary means is intergenerational knowledge of indigenous crafts traditionally transfered?

Oral traditions and hands-on learning experiences

What are the 4 key characteristics of Indigenous Crafts identified?

1. Cultural Symbolism

2. Connection to Environment

3. Intergenerational Knowledge Transfer

4. Functional and Spiritual Purposes

Which characteristics of indigenous crafts involves the use of materials and motifs derived from ancestral lands?

Connection to Environment

Indigenous crafts serve as a vital___of sultural knowledge by preserving stories and historical memories

repositories

What complex system does the indigenous craft represent?

knowledge transmission that carries far more than just technical skills

What psychological benefit is associated with learning indigenous crafts for community members?

helps inspire pride in indigenous indentity and promotes healing from historical trauma

Participation in traditional crafting is linked to improved wellbeing in which three areas?

mental, emotional, and spiritual wellbeing

Indigenous crafts are a source of______, especially in rural or remote areas

economic empowerment and sustainable development

In an increasingly globalized world, indigenous crafts offer ‘alternative models’ for what?

sustainable living

How can outsiders support the efforst of indigenous communities to maintain their craft traditions?

through ethical consumption and respectful collaboration

According to the UN, what individual-level action is required for one to be considered indigenous?

self-indentification

What is the primary role of indigenous crafts in the context of ‘ancestry’?

they provide a tangible connection to indentity and belonging

Which term is used to describe the diverse concepts of development held by indigenous people?

traditional values, visions, needs, and priorities

Name occupational and geographical terms that can be used interchangeably with ‘indigenous people’ for practical purposes

hunter-gatherers, nomads, peasants, hill people

Indigeneous people are holders of unique___systems and beliefs

knowledge

What specific group right do indigenous people strive for regarding their natural resources?

the right to traditional lands and territories

What is the significance of indigenous crafts for humanity as a whole?

they are irreplaceable sultural resources offering holistic education and community engagement

Which characteristics of indigenous crafts refers to the use of objects in religous or communical rituals?

Functional and Spiritual Purposes

How does ‘Cultural Preservation’ serve as a reason for IPs to identify themselves?

it allows them to promote unique traditions, languages, and crafts

What ‘Question of Identity’ approach does the UN suggest instead of a formal definition?

Identifying based on self-detification

Indigenous people often lack access to ___ services, similar to other neglected society segments

social

The crafts of indigenous people are described as manifestations of cultural___passed through generations

continuity

Whai is the estimated total no. of ethnolinguistic groups recognized by the PH government in Mindanao?

31 (18 Lumad & 13 Muslim groups)

What is the role of ‘ shared identity’ in community building among IPs?

it fosters solidarity and facilitates collective action

According to the modern understanding, indigenous people have a strong link to ___and natural resources

Territories

What is the primary goal of indigenous people in their struggle for rights?

Recoognition of their identities and traditional lands

What is a common material and technique used in indigenous crafts?

woven plant fibers (bamboo/rattan) for baskets

What everyday items can be made from bamboo in indigenous communities?

mugs, pitchers, and mats

A type of tangible indigenous expression often used for spiritual or cultural purposes

carved wooden masks

what complex artistic pattern is used on Mindanao architectural structures?

Okir (or colorful wood carvings/Sarimanok-style motifs)

Indigenous people are often victims of ___ and poverty

Discrimination

How does identifying as an Ip contribute ‘sustainable development’?

by providing economic empowerment in remote areas through traditional crafts

Indigenous people have a ‘special relation’ to which resource?

their traditional land