Nationalism to Sectionalism By John C

Nationalism

The belief that the interests of the nation as a whole are more important than regional interests of the interests of other colonies

Sectionalism

belief that one's own section, or region, of the country is more important than the whole

James Monroe

Who was elected 5th president of the Unites States

Rush-Baggot treaty

James Monroe - with Britain: between U.S. and British Canada - US gained territory by western border drawn at 49th parallel

Adams-Onis Treaty

negotiated a treaty with Britain, allowing American settlers to travel to Oregon for 10 years

Monroe Doctrine

US would view any European attempts to further colonize the Americas "as dangerous to our peace and safety" - US would also "not interfere with the international concerns" in Europe (done to protect land from Europeans)

Missouri Compromise

Missouri tries to join Union (11 free 11 slave states at time) - sparks first national slavery debate ending with the compromise of Missouri being added as a Slave state and Maine as free, maintaining senate balance

McCulloch vs Maryland

a bank official refused to pay the tax put on the Baltimore Branch of the National bank - John Marshall would rule the tax was unconstitutional (gave state power to destroy bank) National interests ton be put above State interests

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Man received permission to run a steamboat business by the state and another man received a national license to run his steamboat business - ruled national permit greater than state - National government gains all interstate commerce regulation rights

Old Hickory

For Andrew Jackson's war heroics he was seen as the "Hero of New Orleans" - A soldier said he was tough as hickory wood, so he was nicknamed

Democratic Republicans

In 1824 Andrew Jackson ran for what party

John Quincy Adams

Jackson won the popular vote but did not win majority of the electoral votes, and who won with the most electoral votes

"corrupt deal"

Henry Clay gave Quincy Adams his support, which led to victory over Jackson and he was named sec of state - Jackson suspected secret deal he labeled

democrats

Jackson and his supporters created a new political party called

people

Jackson was seen as a man of the what

Andrew Jackson

Who wins the election of 1828

Jacksonian Democracy

Political power exercised by ordinary Americans, more public participation in government, elections rather than appointments

Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek

Who were considered the 5 civil tribes in Southeastern US

They adopted aspects of American and European culture

why were the 5 civil tribes given that name

Indian removal act

Relocation of 5 Indian nations to an area west of the Mississippi River - Indian Territory (Present-day Oklahoma) - lived on coveted farmland

about a quarter

As Choctaw, Chickasaw, and creek forced to march west, about how many died along the way

Seminoles

Which group of Native Americans were never officially defeated

Worcester vs Georgia

A white man represented the Cherokees in court, was demanded to leave Cherokee land but refused and sued on behalf of Cherokee - court in favor of Cherokee

Trail of Tears

To get round court ruling, gov officials signed treaty with Cherokee leaders that favored relocation even though they didn't represent all Cherokee - caused 16,000 to be relocated and 4,000 to die

Second National Bank of America

Established in 1816 and was given a 20 year charter

Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay

Who won the election of 1832 by a landslide after opponent tried to renew National Bank - who lost?

Northern liked as it encouraged the purchase of American goods, Southern hated cuz they traded cotton and other goods with Britain and British goods cheaper for them

Why did the north favor and the south hate the tariff put on British Manufactured goods in 1816

Nullification Theory

VP John C. Calhoun, southerner, advanced idea that a state could nullify, or reject, a law passed by Congress that the state thought violated the Constitution or was not in the best interest of the state

Daniel Webster

Massachusetts man states US is one nation, not agreement between states

Hayne - Webster debate

"Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable"

Samuel Slater

Who is considered the father of the Industrial Revolution

water-powered textile mill

Slater snuck what dressed as a farmer across to America where he met with Moses Brown and created this, starting the U.S. textile industry

Lowell, Massachusetts

What place became the center of the US textile industry

young women

Workers in Lowell, Massachusetts were what - made solid wages

urbanization (leaving farms to large cities and factories)

Industrialization in the North led to what

Erie Canal

363-mile-long connecting the Great Lakes with the Hudson River and Atlantic Ocean - Ship manufactured goods west and raw material cast

New York City

Erie Canal caused what city to become a major port city

Robert Fulton

Who is credited with creating the first commercially successful steamboat

North River Steamboat of Clermont (Clermont)

1807 Fulton began operating a passenger steamboat service on the Hudson River called

railroads

In 1830, new steam powered what was created that spread to become preferred mode of transport and would replace the canals

Samuel F.B. Morse

Who patented the first telegraph

telegraph

Device that sends messages using electricity waves through wires

Morse code

What was the code of dots and dashes used to send messages

Eli Whitney

Who invented the cotton gin

Cotton gin

Allows for cotton to be easily "cleaned" - separating cotton seed from fluffy cotton fibers

Cotton Belt

Farmers planting cotton from Virginia to Texas

Cotton

was America's largest and most valuable export from 1807 until the end of the 1800s

"Cotton is King"

1855 Senator James H. Hammond of South Carolina declared what on the senate floor

Slavery

Because of large plantations increasing from the growth of cotton, what else increased

Trade and Industry

Northern values late 1800s

Agrarian society

Southern values late 1800s