Chemistry Ionic Bonding Quiz

Chemical Bond

atoms are chemically combined, either by transfer or sharing of electrons

Ionic Bond

bond formed by the transfer of electrons

Octet Rule

the goal most atoms have to have a full valence shell of electrons, usually consisting of 8 electrons

Duet Rule

small atoms, such as hydrogen, helium, and lithium only need 2 electrons to fill their valence shells

Ionic Salt

an ionic substance in the solid stage

Ion

an atom with a charge due to a transfer of electrons

Cation

a positive ion formed by the loss of electrons

Anion

a negative ion formed by gaining electrons

Electrolyte

a substance whose aqueous solution conducts an electrical current due to the presence of mobile ions

Polyatomic Ion

a bundle of atoms that acts as a single unit with a charge

Oxidation State

number assigned to keep track of electron gain or loss in redox reactions

Covalent Bond

a bond between two nonmetals where they share electrons

Single Bond

only one pair of electrons is shared between 2 atoms

Double Bond

sharing 2 pairs of electrons (4 total) between 2 atoms

Triple Bond

the sharing of 3 pairs of electrons (6 total) between 2 atoms

Molecular Compound

a substance with covalent bonds

Metallic Bonding

the attraction of valence electrons for the positive nucleus of metallic atoms gives metals their properties, based on sea of mobile electrons

What do all atoms want to have?

a full valence shell

How many electrons do most atoms need to fill their valence shell?

8 valence electrons

What atoms only need 2 valence electrons?

hydrogen, lithium, beryllium, helium

What do metals do when bonding?

they lose electrons

What do metals become after bonding?

Cations

How does the size of cations compare to the regular atom?

they are smaller

Why are cations smaller than atoms of the same element?

because there are decreased electron repulsions and because they drop a principal energy level

What do nonmetals do when bonding?

they gain electrons

What do nonmetals become after bonding?

they become anions

How does the size of anions compare to the regular atom?

they are bigger

Why are anions bigger than atoms of the same element?

because there is greater electron repulsion

How do atoms gain or lose electrons (where do they get them from)?

they take them or give them to other atoms

What is an ionic bond in simple terms?

the result of a metal transferring electrons to a nonmetal

What happens between two atoms when one atom gives electrons to another?

one becomes a cation and the other becomes an anion. They stay near each other because they are attracted to each other

What do Lewis Structures show in general?

valence electrons drawn around the atomic symbol

What do Lewis Structures show for ionic compounds?

Brackets and charges as well as valence electrons around an atomic symbol

How do you structure an ionic compound’s Lewis Structure?

• Metal always goes first

• alternate charges in brackets (positive, negative, positive, etc

• Put the electrons that are getting the full shell in the middle and the things that are donating to it on each side of it

What do the charges in an ionic Lewis Structure equal to?

zero

What are ionic compounds called?

Salts

What are properties of salts?

• they form lattices (strong, crystal-like structures)

• usually dissolve in water

• have a very high melting point

• will conduct electricity but only when dissolved in water or when molten

What is another name for oxidation state?

charge

What does an oxidation state tell you?

The charge that an atom has due to either a loss of gain of electrons

What is the purpose of criss-crossing?

Getting the same equation as from a Lewis Structure without drawing

What do lattices look like?

3d checkerboards

What should you do in a chemical formula when subscripts are reducible?

reduce them to an equal ratio

Why should you reduce subscripts?

to show you the smallest unit of the crystal lattice

What is special about transition metals?

they have multiple oxidation states (charges)

Why can transition metals have multiple charges?

because they can choose the number of electrons they are going to give away for bonding because they can adjust their core electrons

What elements are the exceptions to the transition metal charge rules?

• Silver (always +1)

• Lead (acts as a transition metal even though it’s a normal metal)

• Zinc (always +2)

How can you tell how many oxidation states a transition metal has?

1. read the charge given

2. find the roman numeral given with the name

3. uncriss-cross and make sure the charges are correct for the other element. Watch out for previously reduced formulas

Why do having different charges matter?

they will give a substance completely different properties

What are polyatomic ions?

a bundle of atoms that act as a single unit and carries a charge

What is it called when more than two atoms are in a compound?

a ternary compound

How do you criss-cross with polyatomic ions?

carry the charge all the way cross the bundle. Use parentheses to separate subscripts of one compound from the charges being switched over

What is a compound?

a pure substance formed when two or more elements bond together

What is a binary compound?

a compound composed of two elements

How do you go from a formula to the name of an ionic compound?

1. write the name of the cation

2. write the name of the anion, usually ending in -ide

How do you go from a name to the formula of an ionic compound?

1. figure out the charges using a periodic table

2. criss-cross the charges

3. check to see if you can reduce

What is the stock system?

When roman numerals are used to indicate the charge of a cation that is a transition metal

When do you have to use roman numerals in naming?

when it is a transition metal