Neurons

What is the primary function of the Nervous System?

To serve as the body's electrochemical communication center.

What are the two main parts of the Nervous System?

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

What does the Central Nervous System consist of?

The brain and spinal cord.

What is the difference between sensory neurons and motor neurons?

Sensory neurons carry information to the brain (afferent), while motor neurons carry information from the CNS to the body (efferent).

What role do interneurons play in the nervous system?

They communicate internally within the CNS between sensory and motor neurons.

What is action potential in a neuron?

A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon and is an 'ALL OR NOTHING' response.

What does reuptake refer to in neurotransmitter communication?

The process by which the sending neuron reabsorbs excess neurotransmitters in the synapse.

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

To insulate the axon and allow for faster transmission speeds in neurons.

What neurotransmitter is most known for its role in muscle contraction?

Acetylcholine.

What happens when there is a shortage of serotonin?

It may lead to depression.

What is the effect of dopamine on the nervous system?

It influences movement, attention, and emotion.

What is the primary role of endorphins?

Pain control and pleasure.

How do agonists differ from antagonists in neurotransmitter activity?

Agonists mimic the effects of neurotransmitters, while antagonists block their transmission.

What is the general effect of GABA in the nervous system?

It serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps relax and calm the body.

Which neurotransmitter is linked to alertness and arousal?

Norepinephrine.

What is a reflex?

A simple, autonomic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus.

What charge does a neuron have at resting potential?

-70mv.

What is the threshold level that must be reached for a neural impulse to fire?

-55mv.

Excess levels of which neurotransmitter might lead to anxiety or OCD?

Serotonin.

What does the term 'SAME' refer to in the context of neurons?

Sensory-Afferent and Motor-Efferent.

What is the purpose of terminal buttons in a neuron?

To release neurotransmitters.

What role do glial cells have in the nervous system?

They hold neurons together and provide nutrients and protection.