LALS 290 Test 1

1492

Spain accomplishes reconquista of Granada in Southern Spain.

1513

Juan Ponce de León claims Florida for Spain, marking European exploration in North America.

1528

Spanish explorer Cabeza de Vaca arrives in North America, leading to early interactions with indigenous populations.

1540-42

Spanish explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado leads an expedition through present-day southwestern United States, searching for the Seven Cities of Gold.

1565

Spanish founded St. Augustine, the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the continental United States.

1610

Spanish established Santa Fe, the first capital of New Mexico.

1735

Race labelings occur. Baptismal records from that period are discovered.

1810

Mexico declares indep from Spain

1821

Mexico wins indep from Spain

1836

Texas rebellion against Mexican rule (Alamo)

1848

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (end of Mex-Amer war)

1849

Gold rush begins

1854

Gadsden Purchase (U.S purchases 29,670 acres of land-becomes parts of NM and AZ)

Ponce de Leon

Led first Euro expedition to what is now FL (1513)

Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo

First Euro to explore the CA coast

Fray Marcos de Niza

the friar led a recon mission to search for the Seven Cities of Cibola.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

Following de Niza, also set out to look for Cibola

Cabeza de Vaca

landed in FL with the Narvaez expedition (1528)

La Malinche

A Nahua woman who assisted Cortez and who married him

Coatlicue

An Aztec goddess who represents fertility, life, and death. She is the embodiment of Mother Earth,

Huitzilopochitli

The patron deity of Mexico ppl. He was the god of war, sun, and human sacrifice. He is a warrior hummingbird.

Coyolxaulqui

Goddess of moon and Milky Way. Appears hacked up, attacked by her brother(Huitzilopochitli)

Xipe Totec

god of agriculture, spring, renewal, and east.

Polk

President who attempted to buy CA and NM, but Mex rejected it.

Santa Anna

Mexico’s Pres. who repealed the Mex. constitution of 1824

mission

attempts to “Christianize,” and “assimilate” indigenous ppl.

presido

Military complexes which commonly adjoined missions.

reducciones

relocated natives (due to missions)

porciones/mercedes

types of land grants given to Mex-Amer. individuals and families.

La Casta

Was a system of racial and social stratification based on a person’s birth heritage

encomienda

A system in which Spanish conquerors were supposed to provide indigenous laborers with benefits, including education, and military protection (in reality, it was more like slavery)