Humanities Q2 Test

Ily Nicole Bernal, you are a life saver. I owe u

Why is it called the "classical" era? (1750-1820)

It is all about clarity and simplicity- cleaner, people pleasing

Stylistic characteristics of the classical era

Clarity, simplicity, grace, beauty, order, structure, symmetry

Pleasure Principle

In a time of angst and disobedience, this was used to cater to what people wanted, and make them see the beauty in the world. Ignore the badness in the world or keep it to yourself.

Where was the music capital of the world?

Vienna, Austria

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

Born in Austria, FATHER of the symphony (104 symphonies). Influenced by Bach's son. Worked for Esterhazy family. Friends with Mozart, and teacher of Beethoven.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

Child prodigy at age 5. Toured in Europe with his sister and father. He was born in Salzburg, Austria, but lived in Vienna. Over 600 works and 41 symphonies. one of the first "freelance" composers. Died at 35 and buried in an unmarked pauper's grave.

Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827)

Born in Germany and moved to Vienna. Classical into the Romantic era. Hundreds of works and 9 symphonies. Began going deaf at age 25. He expanded the orchestra and symphonic form. He believed that music should say something, had wild mood swings, and focused on heroism and struggle.

What events are taking place during the classical era in europe?

Enlightenment, industrial revolution, french revolution, Napoleonic wars

what did beethoven do to push us into the romantic period?

He lived during the bridge between the classical and romantic era. He used chord progressions and dissonant harmonies. He broke free from the rules, and started focusing on gothic, self expressive, and freedom ideas.

Structure of symphony

1. Fast (sonata form, expedition, intro)

2. Slow (ternary, sonata, theme & variations, diff. key)

3. Dance (composite ternary with rounded binary components, beethoven created)

4. Fast (rondo or sonata form, light hearted, same key as 1.)

scherzo (fast and light), joke, rondo:ABACADA

Sonata Allegro Form

exposition, development, recapitulation

Heiligenstadt Testament

a letter written by Ludwig van Beethoven to his brothers Carl and Johann at Heiligenstadt (today part of Vienna) on 6 October 1802. It reflects his despair over his increasing deafness and his desire to overcome his physical and emotional ailments to complete his artistic destiny.

two elements of Commedia 'Dell Arte

Minimal: only having what they NEEDED as a market or street scene.

Temporary: stages were temporary and made out of wood, barrel, or other outside resources. they used props of animals, furniture, food

stock characters

standard or cliched character types: the drunk, the miser, the foolish girl, joker, etc. identified by costumes and masks

Were scripts improvised or planned

improvised

How did actors travel?

They went in troops from town to town, no matter what language they spoke

What is the term for a "picture-frame" style stage?

Proscenium (creates a natural frame) like at Nerinx

What does the term, "the fourth wall" mean?

invisible wall to the audience, opaque wall to the actors- as if audience is spying on them

Characteristics of realism in theater

True to life, believable and relatable characters/storylines, stage is indoors, "box set" with three walls and fourth invisible wall

Romeo and Juliet (essay) Why were his storylines and characters so popular with its audience? How did the three clips we watched take Shakespeare and translate it?

The original film: Costumes, colors, snarky, star crossed lovers, fight

Baz Luhrmann (film): Action, dramatic, new age, gun brand called swords. Montagues were obnoxious and rule breakers. Capulets were intimidating.

West Side Story (Robert Wise): caters to a younger audience, taunting and running through city, fighting, Jets and Sharks. Music, dancing.

These storylines were successful because they were relatable.

Hamlet (essay) To be or not to be: Which version hit you the best (personal, look at DR), explain acting, directing, location, sound.

My personal favorite: Mel Gibson clip. He was in a graveyard, which made the speech more meaningful, and showed what he was thinking. He pictured himself there and pondered his death. He sounded tired, and like all of the fight had been sucked out of him. He alternated between longing for death and anger at those who would choose life over death, and make the trials of life. The camera showed him moving around, pacing, representing his mind not being able to settle on one place. He is plagued by not knowing.

Renaissance vs Baroque vs Middle ages characteristics

Renaissance: turn towards beauty and a variety of themes. Incorporates you as a viewer. Not focused on God, but new ideas and styles. Sfumato: smoky, trapping pigment to blur

Baroque: drama, deep colors, dramatic light, sharp shadows and dark backgrounds

middle ages: focused on GOD, bigger than life, flat, not dimensional, luxury, idealism, social status

David

Michaelangelo

1501

renaissance, beauty, humans shape their own destiny (humanism), expressions and gestures

David (Donatello) renaissance

-bronze

-exaggerated contrapposto

-beautiful, ideal, classical, cultured, independent, wealth,

-shepherd's hat with flowers of Florence

-biblical figure of Florentine Republic

-religious AND political connotation

-return to the nude powerful figure in contrapposto

-Goliath's head under his foot

-Florence 1440-60 CE (15th century)

-early renaissance

David, Bernini, 1623

Baroque, italy, dynamic pose and facial expression, movement

rococo paintings

Often commissioned by RICH PEOPLE and are playful in mood. Sometime erotic undertones, delicate brushstroke a, create sense of lightness and ease. They match the vibes of those who commission them, and often times involve the buyer in the art. Youth, love, delicacy.

How is the imagery and technique of the Neo-Classical period a reaction to the Rococo period?

it embraces simplicity, strict forms, and heroic themes. It builds off of the Rococo period. Neoclassicism focuses more on heroic, while Rococo focuses more on love. Neo is more muted in color. pic ex. David's oath of the horathii

Medieval art

A kind of art in which subjects are religious, figures look flat and stiff, important figures are large, subjects are clothed with little emotion, and it is flat and two dimensional with a single color background.

renaissance art

art which shows figures both religious or non-religious, more realistic, emphasis on nature, three dimensional with perspective, people are active and show great emotion

baroque art

Art that applies naturalistic, REALIST styles and contrast with light and dark. Religious AND secular themes. Involved with ABSOLUTISM. deep, dramatic, dark. this is the one where the light is diagonal and highlights the most important parts.

rococo art

Placed emphasis on the carefree life of the aristocracy rather than on grand heroes or pious martyrs. Easygoing, lighthearted, delicate.

neo-classical art

symmetry, simplicity, telling of events, mathematics, balance, idealism

romantic art

Romantic art broke from classical artistic forms to emphasize emotion, nature, individuality, intuition, the supernatural, and national histories in their works. Not typical definition of romance- but more freedom of form, emotion over reason, power.

realism art

Realist and materialist themes and attitudes influenced art as painters depicted the lives of ordinary people and drew attention to social problems. It's gonna be Le dejeuner sur l'herbe painting or Olympia, not this one, im assuming, so look that up

sfumato

A smokelike haziness that subtly softens outlines in painting; particularly applied to the painting of Leonardo and Correggio.

Chiaroscuro

The treatment of light and shade in a work of art, especially to give an illusion of depth.

Absolutism art

the correlative nature between an aesthetic object and objective beauty exists in one, static state. ex. versailles

Renaissance artists

Michelangelo, Raphaelo, Donatello, Leonardo da Vinci

Baroque artists

Caravaggio, Bernini, Peter Paul Rubens, Vermeer

Rococo artists

Boucher, Fragonard, Watteau

Neoclassical artists

Jaques Louis David, Ingress

Romantic artists

Ingress (Both periods of time) Delacroix, Gericault

Realism artists

Manet, Courbet