american republic 8th grade - final exam review

Stephen Douglas

Stephen Douglas

• Illinois senator who debated Lincoln

• Proposed Kansas-Nebraska Act

Abraham Lincoln

• 16th president of the US

• Republican president elected in1860

• Issued Emancipation Proclamation freeing all salves

• Gave “Four score and seven years ago” speech at Gettysburg Cemetery dedication

Dred Scott

• Former slave whose case went to the Supreme Court

• Court said:

  • moving into a free state did not make a slave free

  • blacks had no rights

  • waere not citizens so could not sue in court

Alexander Stephens

Vice president of the Confederate States

Harriet Tubman

Runaway slave who helped others escape

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States

Frederick Douglas

Runaway slave who started an abolitionist newspaper

James Buchanan

President who did not act to prevent sucession

John Brown

Abolitionist leader who led the raid at Harper’s Ferry

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”

Clara Barton

Nurse who started the Red Cross

Appomattox Courthouse

site of Lee’s surrender

Gettysburg

• 3 day battle in Pennsylvania

• Turning point in war

• Pickett’s Charge

First Ball Run

• First battle of the Civil War

• Confederate victory

Chancellorsville

• Battle in Virginia

• Site of Stonewall Jackson’s fatal wound

Antietam

Bloodiest one-day battle of the war

Robert E. Lee

• Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia

• Surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse

Andrew Johnson

• Lincoln’s running mate in 1864

• Became president after Lincoln’s death

John Wilkes Booth

• Assassinated Lincoln

• Was shot in a barn

Ulysses S. Grant

• Commander of the Union Army

• Accepted Lee’s surrender

• Became president in 1868

• Presidency was considered negatively because of many scandals

Overseer

person who distributed the work for slaves

Gang

system where slaves worked in large groups

Task

system where slaves work on specific jobs

Antebellum

before the war

Spirituals

songs slaves wrote about their condition

Freedmen

former slaves

Scalawags

white southerner who supported Reconstruction

Amnesty

general pardon to large group

Radical

Opponents of Lincoln’s reconstruction plan

Reconstruction

from end of the Civil War to 1877

Impeachment

power to bring charges against the president

Mill

towns built by factory owners

Propaganda

spread of info to cause damage

Reperations

money paid for damages

Armistice

argreement to stop fighting

U-boat

German submarine

Trench Warfare

fighting using long ditches

Sumter

fort where first shots of the Civil War took place

West Virginia

50 counties split and formed this state

Kansas-Nebraska

act that proposed popular sovereignty

Charles Sumner

was beaten with a cane

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

book about plight of slaves

Ten Percent Plan

Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction

Reconstruction Act of 1867

divided south into military districts

William Seward

secretary of state who helped get Alaska

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

14th Amendment

granted citizenship to blacks

15th Amendment

states could not deny rights to vote based on race

Ferdinand

archduke who was assassinated

Pershing

commander of American Forces in Europe

Lusitania

british passenger ship that was sunk

Lenin

leader of communist russia

Triple Entente

britain, france, russia

Triple Alliance

germany, austria-hungary, italy

Central Powers

germany, austria-hungary, turkey, bulgaria

Allied Powers

britain, france, russia, italy, US

Archduke assassinated

spark that starting the war

Winston Churchill

prime minsiter of britain

Dwight Eisenhower

commander of Operation Torch in North Africa

Adolf Hitler

leader of Nazi Germany

Benito Mussolini

facist leader of Italy

Harry Truman

president after FDR’s death

Douglas MacArthur

commander of forces in Philippines

Joseph Stalin

leader of Soviet Union

Hideki Tojo

prime minister of Japan

Chester Nimitz

admiral of US Navy in Pacific

Hitler signed nonaggression act with __

Soviet Union

Britian and France declare war on Germany after they invade __

Poland

Operation Barbbarossa

Germany invades Soviet Union

Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles when he unites Austria with Germany

answer

Women helped the work force by flying aircraft to bases, working in factories, and working in service organizations

didnt do combat in the war

Economic state of South

• few large cities

• mostly agricultural

Economic state of North

• factories

Border States

missour, kentucky, maryland, delaware

Republican Party

made up of Conscience Whigs Northern Democrats, Free soil Party

Blockade

attempt to prevent entry or exit of port

Iron-clad warships

Merrimac and Monitor

Anaconda Plan

Union’s plan to slowly eliminate the South’s ability to fight

South advantages

• Only fighting a defensive war

• Would fight to protect homes

• Had more experienced commanders

North advantages

• Population was greater

• Had most of the industry

• Was adding immigrants to the population regulary

why did confederations fire on Fort Sumter

because Lincoln was sending the fort supplies

Presidential Reconstruction

Lincoln’s reconstruction plan

Radical Reconstruction

reconstruction was changed to this in 1867

Union goals of the war

• take control of mississippi river

• separate southern states

Battle of Antietam Facts

• Bloodiest on day battle of the war

• McClelland was replaced

• Neither side won

Effects on the North after First Bull Run

• They were unprepared for war

• War would be long and difficult

• George McClelland appoint head General