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Primitive data type
A type provided by a programming language.
Integer
A whole number such as 34, 0, -1, 567432.
Real/Float
A number with a fractional part such as 3.142, 7.0, -67.5.
Boolean
Can only take the value True or False.
Character
A letter, number or special symbol such as 'a', 'A', '6', '&', '%'.
String
Anything enclosed in quote marks, for example 'Jason', '01798 158794', 'This is a string'.
Binary number system
Uses only two digits, 0 and 1.
Denary number system
Uses a combination of ten symbols to represent any number.
Base
The number of symbols used to construct values in a number system.
Base 10
Denary number system.
Base 2
Commonly referred to as binary numbers.
Place value
The position of the value determines its contribution to the overall total.
Binary conversion
The process of converting from denary to binary using a place value table.
18310
Represents the value of one hundred, eight tens and three units.
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
Represents 128 + 32 + 16 + 4 + 2 + 1 which is equivalent to 18310.
Converting from denary
Using the place value table to aid conversion from denary to binary.
Bit pattern
Without knowing the data type, it is not possible to say what a particular bit pattern represents.
Number systems
Referred to by their base; the number of symbols used.
Digit value
The product of the base position and the digit.
Base position
The power of the base corresponding to the position of the digit.
Example of binary numbers
0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 1010, 1011.
Hexadecimal
A base 16 number system.
Hexadecimal
Base 16 number system that uses letters for values 10 to 15.
Hexadecimal values
Values in hexadecimal are calculated using place value similar to decimal.
Denary to hex conversion
Process of converting a denary number to a two-digit hexadecimal number by dividing by 16 and adding the remainder.
Significant powers of 2
Powers of 2 are important in computing, with 2^0 = 1, 2^1 = 2, 2^2 = 4, 2^3 = 8, and 2^4 = 16.
Significance of 16
16 is the fourth power of 2, allowing base 16 numbers to be translated from 4 bits of binary.
Hex colour codes
Hexadecimal representation of colors, such as 36 4D B2.
Why use hex?
Hexadecimal values are easier to read, quicker to write, and less error-prone compared to binary.
Plenary
Denary is easy to understand but not practical in electronics; binary is simple for circuitry but hard for humans, while hexadecimal bridges this gap.
Hexadecimal digit
A single character in hexadecimal that represents a value from 0 to 15.
Binary
A base 2 number system using only 0s and 1s.
Decimal (Denary)
A base 10 number system that is easy for humans to understand.
Base position
The positional value of a digit in a number system, such as 256, 16, and 1 in hexadecimal.
Place value
The value of a digit based on its position in a number.
Equivalent of 3F5 in denary
The calculation (256x3) + (16x15) + 5 = 1013.
Hexadecimal representation of 11
In hexadecimal, the decimal number 11 is represented as B.
Hexadecimal representation of 27
The decimal number 27 is represented as 1B in hexadecimal.
Hexadecimal representation of 43
The decimal number 43 is represented as 2B in hexadecimal.
Hexadecimal representation of 16
The decimal number 16 is represented as 10 in hexadecimal.
Hexadecimal representation of 15
The decimal number 15 is represented as F in hexadecimal.
Hexadecimal representation of 10
The decimal number 10 is represented as A in hexadecimal.
Hexadecimal representation of 12
The decimal number 12 is represented as C in hexadecimal.
Hexadecimal representation of 13
The decimal number 13 is represented as D in hexadecimal.
Hexadecimal representation of 14
The decimal number 14 is represented as E in hexadecimal.
