Review of American History: War of 1812 to Election of 1840

These flashcards cover major events, outcomes, and political changes in early American history from the War of 1812 to the Election of 1840.

What were major events of the War of 1812?

Battle of New Orleans, Bombing of Fort McHenry, British storm the capital.

What was one result of the War of 1812 in terms of nationalism?

Increased nationalism led to the fame of American literature and art.

What was the Hartford Convention?

A protest convention demanding changes from Congress and led to the end of the Federalist Party.

What did the resolutions at the Hartford Convention make the Federalists appear?

Unpatriotic.

What political period followed the War of 1812?

The Era of Good Feelings.

What characterized the Era of Good Feelings?

There was only one political party in the U.S. (Democratic Republicans).

What was the American System?

A plan to create a strong, stable economy in the U.S.

What are the three parts of the American System?

Transportation system, protective tariff, and national bank.

Why did the Northeast favor high tariffs?

To protect their factories by making foreign goods more expensive.

What was the South's stance on protective tariffs?

They wanted lower tariffs to market their agricultural goods.

What did the Missouri Compromise address?

The debate over the balance of free states and slave states in Congress.

What was the outcome of the Missouri Compromise regarding Missouri and Maine?

Missouri admitted as a slave state; Maine admitted as a free state.

What was the 36’30 line established by the Missouri Compromise?

The line above which states would be free and below which would be slave states.

What did the Tallmadge Amendment propose for Missouri?

Gradual emancipation, with no new slaves and freed children born from slaves.

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

A warning to European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.

How did Andrew Jackson acquire Florida?

He sent General Jackson to recapture enslaved people and ended up capturing Spanish forts.

What was the 'Corrupt Bargain' of 1824?

John Quincy Adams won the presidency without a majority, with Clay's influence.

What was Jacksonian Democracy characterized by?

More active participation in politics, particularly among white males.

What does the Spoils System refer to?

The practice of awarding government jobs to supporters after winning an election.

What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

Forced removal of Native Americans living east of the Mississippi River to the west.

What was the Trail of Tears?

The forced 800-mile journey of the Cherokee, leading to significant death and suffering.

What did Worcester v. Georgia establish?

That Native American Removal was against treaties made with the Cherokee.

What was Jackson’s response to the Supreme Court's ruling in Worcester v. Georgia?

He ignored the ruling, emphasizing that enforcing it was not his responsibility.

What did Jackson do regarding the National Bank?

He opposed it, stopped depositing money, and aimed to dismantle it.

What happened as a result of Jackson killing the Bank early?

It created a panic in 1837, leading to a recession and collapse of Western banks.

What was South Carolina's response to the 1828 tariff?

They tried to nullify it, calling the 1832 tariff 'null and void'.

What was Clay's role in the Nullification Crisis?

He created the Compromise Tariff of 1833 to lower tariffs.

What was Calhoun’s stance on the tariffs?

He secretly urged South Carolina to nullify the tariffs, undermining Jackson.

What was significant about the Election of 1840?

It marked the development of party politics and strategies for appealing to voters.

How did the Democratic and Whig parties differ?

Democrats valued individual liberty and states' rights, while Whigs valued community and a strong national government.

What did the Whig Party support?

National Bank, protective tariff, internal improvements, and moral reforms.

What societal changes were seen during Jacksonian Democracy?

Expanded voting rights and increased engagement among the public in politics.

How did the Northeast and Northwest regions differ on internal improvements?

Northeast favored federal funding; Northwest needed roads for transporting goods.

What motivated the South to oppose national funding for improvements?

They had an extensive river system and didn't want the associated high tariffs.

What was the opposition to the expansion of slavery in the Northeast?

They feared slave states gaining more power in Congress.

What was the belief in the Northwest regarding competition from plantation owners?

They feared wealthy plantation owners would take over land in the west.

What did the Missouri Compromise do to maintain balance in Congress?

It admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

What were Jackson's beliefs regarding banks?

He believed they were unconstitutional and not part of the federal government.

What was the impact of the Panic of 1837?

It led to widespread economic distress and bank failures, particularly in the West.

What did the slogan 'To the victor belong the spoils' imply?

Winning an election allows you to reward your supporters with government jobs.

What led to the establishment of the North American Review?

The rise of nationalism and the emphasis on American literature and themes.

What did American painters decide after the War of 1812?

To focus on painting American landscapes instead of learning in Europe.