intro to bioengineering midterm review

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what is biomedical engineering? a. engineering applied to human health b. biological/medical application of engineering principles or engineering equipment c. application of science, mathematics, and engineering principles to improve human health d. all of the above

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1

what is biomedical engineering? a. engineering applied to human health b. biological/medical application of engineering principles or engineering equipment c. application of science, mathematics, and engineering principles to improve human health d. all of the above

d. all of the above

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2

what are the bioengineering subdisciplines? a. physiological modeling, biomechanics, biomedical imaging, medical machines b. physiological modeling, biomechanics, biomedical instrumentation and sensors, biomedical imaging, biomolecular engineering and biotechnology, artificial organs, system biology, and bioinformatics c. biomedical imaging, bioinformatics, biomolecular engineering, biotechnology, and biomechanics d. none of the above

b. physiological modeling, biomechanics, biomedical instrumentation and sensors, biomedical imaging, biomolecular engineering and biotechnology, artificial organs, system biology and bioinformatics

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3

what are two strong common bonds? a. covalent and ionic b. ionic and hydrogen c. hydrogen and van der Waals forces d. ionic and van der Waals forces

a. covalent and ionic

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4

what are two common weaker bonds? a. covalent and ionic b. hydrogen and van der Waals c. ionic and van der Waals d. covalent and hydrogen

b. hydrogen and van der Waals

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5

What type of covalent bond has an unequal distribution of electrons? a. nonpolar b. polar c. neither

b. polar

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6

what type of covalent bond has equal and symmetrical electrons? a. nonpolar b. polar c. neither

a. nonpolar

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7

what is an ionic bond? a. an interaction involving a hydrogen atom located between a pair of other atoms having a high affinity for electrons b. an interatomic linkage that results from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms c. type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound

c. type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound

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8

what is a hydrogen bond? a. type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound b. an interaction involving a hydrogen atom located between a pair of other atoms having a high affinity for electrons c. an interatomic linkage that results from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms

b. an interaction involving a hydrogen atom located between a pair of other atoms having a high affinity for electrons

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9

what is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic? a. hydrophilic; non-water soluble - hydrophobic; water-soluble b. hydrophobic; non-water soluble - hydrophilic; water-soluble

b. hydrophobic; non-water soluble - hydrophilic; water-soluble

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10

what does it mean if Gibbs Free Energy (G) is less than 0?

the reaction is spontaneous

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11

what does it mean if Gibbs Free Energy (G) is greater than 0?

the reaction needs input of energy

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12

How can you explain what Enthalphy (H) is?

it is the internal energy of a compound

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13

How can you explain an Enthalpy change?

Overall energy change of the reaction ; negative value = heat released positive value = heat required

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14

What are some of the macromolecules?

polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids

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15

How can you explain diffusion?

diffusion is the movement of particles from a high to a low concentration

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16

what is the difference between active transport and diffusion?

active transport is from a low to high concentration where diffusion is a high to low concentration

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17

Gene

a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA which codes for a molecule that has a function

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18

what is gene locus (loci)?

it is the physical location of a gene on a particular chromosome

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19

How does polygenic inheritance work?

most characteristics are influenced by several genes

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20

How does pleiotropy work?

each gene can influence a variety of traits

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21

How does epigenetics work?

heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence

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22

Characteristics of protein

structural support, communication, catalyze chemical reactions, neutralize foreign pathogens

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23

the primary structure of a protein

the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain

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24

the secondary structure of protein

protein structure is formed by folding and twisting of amino acid chain

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