Lesson 1.1 Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Homeostasis

process of how the body maintains stable internal conditions for optimal health

Major Conytol Systems

Nervous System and Endocrine System

Steps Homeostasis: Stimulus

change in internal or external environment to disrupt body

Steps Homeostasis: Receptor

specialized sensor that detects imbalance

Steps Homeostasis: Input

Information is transmitted to control systems

Steps Homeostasis: Output

Information is sent to effectors to correct imbalance

Steps Homeostasis: Reponse

Effector carries out reponse to return body to homeostasis

Nervous: Communicates Via

Electrical Signal (main) + chemical (neurotransmitter)

Nervous: Signal Speed

Fast

Nervous: Signal Persistance

Short

Nervous: Response Speed

Fast

Nervous: Range Affects

Locally

Endocrine: Communicate Via

Chemical (Hormone)

Endocrine: Signal Speed

Slow

Endocrine: Signal Persistance

Long Lasting

Endocrine: Reponse Speed

Slow

Endocrine: Rance Affects

Wide Range

Pineal Gland

Produce melatonin. Regulate sleep wake cycle and circadian rhythmn

Pituitary Gland

Has anterior and posterior lobes. Regulates many processes in body

Thyroid Gland

Butterfly shaped gland that regulates metabolic rate

Parathyroid Glands

4 glands behind thyroid gland that regulates calcium levels

Thymus

regulates immune cell productions (T-cells)

Adrenal Glands

2 glands on top of kidneys that regulate stress response

Pancreas

secretes hormones insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels

Ovary

2 glands that regulate female reproduction, breast tissue, and childbirth preparation

Testes

2 glands that regulate male reproduction and sperm maturation

Endocrine Signaling: Draw

Possible Pathologies: Endocrine Gland

• No functional Gland

• Gland does not receive stimulus

• Gland removes

• Gland failed to produce enough hormone

Possible Pathologies: Hormone

• Too much or little hormone

• Imitator hormone in bloodstream

• Hormone Mutation

Possible Pathologies: Target Cell + Response

• Target cell fails to respond

• Target gland missing

• Mutation fails to make receptor

• Receptor not right shape

Humoral Stimulus

Type of Endocrine Stimulus: glands reponse to change in blood levels

Neural Stimulus

Type of Endocrine Stimulus: Glands release hormones when stimulated by neurons

Hormonal Stimulus

Type of Endorcine Stimulus: Gland release hormones when stimulated by another hormone