IO Psychology

The 14 Principles of Administrative Theory were proposed by Henri Fayol. They are:

Division of work

Authority

Discipline

Unity in Command

Unity in Direction

Subordination of individual interest

Rumination

Centralization

Line of authority

Initiative

Order

Stability of tenure

Equity

Espirite de Corps

The 14 Principles of Administrative Theory were proposed by Henri Fayol. They are:

1. Managers must have the authority to give orders and the responsibility for outcomes.

2. Employees should receive fair compensation.

3. Managers should be fair and kind to employees.

4. Promote teamwork, unity, and organizational spirit.

5. The degree of decision-making authority should be appropriately balanced.

6. Activities with the same objective should follow one plan under one leader.

7. Each employee should receive orders from only one superior.

8. A clear line of authority should exist from top to bottom.

9. Employee turnover should be minimized.

10. Employees should be encouraged to take initiative and contribute ideas.

11. Specialization increases efficiency.

12. Employees should respect rules and agreements.

13. well-defined rules and standards

    for the work environment and work

    responsibilities

14. Organizational goals come before personal goals.

1. Authority

2. Remuneration

3. Equity

4. Espirit de corps

5. Centralization

6. Unity in direction

7. Unity in command

8. Line of authority (Scalar Chain)

9. Stability of Tenure

10. Initiative

11. Division of Labor

12. Discipline

13. Order

14. Subordination of individual interest

the number of subordinates a manager is responsible for supervising

Span of control

4 Major Structural Principles

1. the concept

   behind division of labor; organizations

   should be divided into units that

   perform similar functions (horizontal

   growth)

2. refers to the chain

   of command that grows with levels

   added to the organization (vertical

   growth)

3. an organizational structure that divides a company into two primary groups: line personnel, who make direct operational decisions to achieve core business goals, and staff personnel, who provide specialized, advisory support to make the line more efficient

4. the number of

   subordinates a manager is

   responsible for supervising

4 Major Structural Principles

1. Functional principle

2. Scalar principle

3. Line/staff principle

4. Span of control

What theory suggests that The organization is a machine—a

pragmatic machine whose focus is simply

to run more effectively

Taylorism, Scientific Management Theory (Frederick Taylor)

a German sociologist who

studied organizations in the late 1800s and

early 1900s

➔ described the structure,

organization and operation of many

efficient organizations

Max Webber

bureaucracy

theory developed in the 1950s that described psychological or behavioral issues associated with an organization

Neoclassical Theories

Demonstrated that employee

productivity is influenced not just by

physical work conditions but also by

social factors and the feeling of being

valued and observed

Elton Mayo

Hawthorne studies

1. Lighting levels and productivity

2. It aimed to determine how changes in working conditions, such as rest breaks and payment methods, impacted employee productivity

3. To test the effect of group financial incentives on worker productivity.

1. Illumination studies

2. Relay assembly test room

3. Bank wiring room tests

1. job satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from different sets of factors

2. (e.g., salary,

working conditions) can prevent

dissatisfaction but don't

necessarily motivate

3. (e.g., achievement,

recognition) can lead to

satisfaction and motivation

1. two-factor model by herzberg

2. Hygiene factors

3. Motivating factors

1. Theory that states that individuals have three main needs that are learned over time

2. the drive to excel and succeeded

3. the desire for close interpersonal relationships and belonging

4. the desire for

   close interpersonal relationships

   and belonging

1. McLellands Acquired Needs Theory

2. nAcH

3. nAff

4. nPow

a simplified version of Maslow’s hierarchy which any step can be skipped in order to move into another, proposing three core needs

1. Physiological and safety

2. Belongingness and esteem

3. Self-actualization

Alderfer’s ERG model

1. Existence

2. Relatedness

3. Growth

If someone fails to get respect (growth need), they may focus more on social relationships (relatedness). This exemplifies?

Frustration-regression of alderfer’s ERG model

s a behavioral psychology concept stating that a highly probable (preferred) behavior can be used to reinforce a less probable (non-preferred) behavior.

Premack principle

Individual-Based vs. Grouped-Based Incentive

1. Salary increases based on individual output or results.

2. Permanent pay raise given for good individual performance evaluation. (long term)

3. Employees receive a share of company profits.

4. Employees share savings or productivity gains achieved by a group/team.

5. employees are

   given the opportunity to

   purchase stock in the future

1. Pay for performance

2. Merit performance

3. Profit share

4. Group share

5. Stock options

Intrinsic theories

1. assumes that individuals adopt either than intrinsic or extrinsic motivational orientation

2. emphasizes the role of specific, challenging

   performance goals and workers’

   commitment to those goals as key

   determinants of motivation

3. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is a psychological framework exploring human motivation, personality, and optimal functioning. It posits that we are driven by inherent growth tendencies and three universal psychological needs: Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness.

4. workers

   are motivated by a desire to be treated

   equitably or fairly

A. Self-determination theory (ryan and deci)

B. Cognitive Evaluation Theory (Deci)

C. Goal-setting theory

D. Equity Theory (stacy adams)

E.

Based on Adam’s equity theory, what are the organizational injustices

1. Concerns whether rewards or resources are fairly divided. Based on effort, performance, or contribution

2. Concerns whether the methods, rules, and procedures used to make decisions are fair

3. Concerns how people are treated and communicated with during decision-making

1. Distributive justice

2. Procedural Justice

3. Interactional Justice

Based on Adam’s equity theory, what are the equity sensitiveness

1. more tolerant of underreward inequity

2. always want overreward

3. truly desire the state of equity or balance

1. Benovelents

2. Entitleds

3. Equity-sensitives

Ways of reducing perceived inequity

1. Tatamaran mo or babaguhin mo work mo

2. Hihingi ka ng proper compensations

3. Babaguhin mo tingin mo (gaslighting yourself)

1. Changing inputs

2. Changing outcomes

3. Altering perceptions

people’s behaviors result from conscious choices among alternatives and that

these alternatives are evaluated with respect to valence, instrumentality, and

expectancy

Expectancy theory