Chapter 10: To what extent did people's lives change after independence?

Economic Diversification

The process of finding new and varied sources of economic growth to ensure steady growth and job availability.

Export-oriented industrialisation

An economic policy adopted by Singapore to produce goods primarily for export rather than for domestic sale.

HDB (Housing and Development Board)

The government agency responsible for building affordable public housing and improving living conditions in Singapore.

Bilingual education

An education system in which students learn in two languages, promoting both English and their mother tongue.

Danger of unemployment

The risk of increased unemployment due to a growing population and insufficient job creation.

MNC (Multinational Corporation)

A corporation that operates in multiple countries; Singapore attracted many MNCs to set up factories.

National Pledge

A pledge introduced in schools to cultivate a sense of belonging and unity among Singaporean students.

Economic vulnerability

The risk faced by Singapore due to limited access to the Malaysian hinterland for trade and resources.

Kampongs

Traditional villages in Singapore, often seen as overcrowded and lacking basic facilities before independence.

Technical and vocational education

Education focused on developing practical skills and preparing students for employment in various industries.