Phonics Quiz 4 Study Guide

Decodable Words

Words that sound the way they’re spelled and follow learned letter-sound relationships

Automaticity

Refers to the speed and accuracy of word recognition and spelling

High-Frequency Words (HFW)

Words that occur most often and make up roughly 50% of any text

Permanently Irregular 

Words whose sounds do not result in the correct pronunciation of the word (of, done)

Temporarily Irregular

Words containing letter sounds students do not yet know (you, they)

Sight words

Any words that we can instantly and automatically recognize without having to decode or otherwise figure them out

Orthographic mapping

The process we use to permanently store words into long-term memory

Orthography

The conventional spelling system of a language (understanding of how words are spelled and the rules behind spelling)

Phonology

Learning the sounds of language and how they connect to words

Morphology

The study of the internal structure of words and forms a core part of linguistic study today (understanding of how words work)

Syllabication

The division of a multisyllabic word into separate syllables, with each syllable containing one vowel sound

Affixes

Can be added to the beginning or end of words

Prefix

Added before a root or base 

Suffix

Added after a root or base

Free morphemes

Can stand alone and do not have to be combined with other morphemes (elephant)

Bound morphemes 

Meaningful units only when combined with other morphemes (pre-, -ing)

Content words

Free morphemes that carry the meaning of the sentences (verbs, adjectives)

Function words 

Free morphemes that include conjunctions (but), propositions (below), pronouns (he), auxiliary verbs (was), and articles (a, an, the)

Morphemes

Meaningful parts of words

Root

Mostly Latin, but also Greek word parts that do not stand alone, need affixes (fer, duc)

Base

A word that can stand alone in English

Combining form

Greek-based word part that combines with others to form whole word parts, like the parts of a compound (cardio, psych)

Derivational

One word is formed or derived from another and is often another type of word

Inflectional

Closed category of endings (suffixes) that do not change the part of speech

Assimilated prefix

Prefixes where the spelling and sound of the consonant has been absorbed into the spelling and sound at the beginning of the base or root that the prefix is affixed