unit 4

what is an RRT?

registered respiratory therapist

what is a RT

respiratory therapy technician

what is ABG?

arterial blood gas

what is COPD?

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

what are the elements of the respiratory tract?

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

what is olfaction?

sense of smell

what is rhinitis

acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose

what is another name for rhinitis?

coryza

what is another name for the common cold?

rhinitis

what is another name for a nosebleed?

epistaxis

what is a lobe?

subdivision of an organ

the right lung has how many lobes?

3

the left lung has how many lobes?

2

what is eupnea?

normal breathing

how many breaths per minute are normal?

10-15

what is dyspnea?

difficulty breathing (DOB)

what is tachypnea?

rapid breathing

what is bradypnea?

slow breathing

which muscle does the most work when breathing?

diaphragm

what does -pnea mean?

to breathe

what is inspiration?

to breathe in

what is expiration?

to breathe out

what is pulmonary emphysema?

a disease of respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

what is the trachea?

air tube from the larynx to the bronchi

what are crackles?

air bubbling through fluid in the lungs

what is another name for crackles?

rales

what is pneumonia?

acute infection of alveoli and lung parenchyma

what is pleurisy?

inflammation of pleurae; complication of pneumonia

what is pneumothorax?

air in the pleural cavity

what is ARDS?

acute respiratory distress syndrome

what is anthracosis?

lung disease caused by inhalation of coal dust particles

what is anthrax?

severe or malignant infectious disease

what is a thoracotomy?

incision through the chest wall

what is a tracheotomy?

incision made into the trachea for a tracheostomy

what is a tracheostomy?

permanent opening to the wind pipe

what does CPAP mean?

continuous positive airway pressure

what is the function of a CPAP?

to keep a sleep apnea patient’s airways open during sleep

what is ventilation?

movement of gases in and out of the lungs

what is another name for trachea?

wind pipe

what is the glottis?

opening of the larynx

what is the epiglottis?

cartilage that shuts off the larynx when swallowing

what is an intubation?

insertion of a tube into the trachea

what is another name for nostril?

naris

what is the palate?

roof of the mouth, floor of the nose

what is a polyp?

mass of tissue that projects outward

what are nasal polyps?

benign growths from the mucosa of the nasal cavity or a sinus

what does para- mean?

adjacent to

what is hypoxia?

low oxygen level in arterial blood

what is a papilla?

small projection

what is a papilloma?

benign projection of epithelial cells

what is the pleura?

double layered membrane that covers the surface of the lungs

what is sputum?

matter coughed up by individuals with respiratory disorders

what is hemoptysis?

bloody sputum

what is bronchitis?

inflammation of the bronchi

what is bronchiolitis?

inflammation of the bronchioles

what is bronchiectasis?

chronic dilation of the bronchi

what is bronchoconstriction?

reduction in diameter of a bronchus

what is a bulla?

bubble-like dilated structure

what is cystic fibrosis?

genetic disease where excessive mucus obstructs passages

what is hypercapnia?

increase of carbon dioxide in the arterial bloodstream

what does viscous mean?

sticky

what is atelectasis?

the collapse of part of a lung

what is hemothorax?

blood in the pleural cavity

what is pneumothorax?

air in the pleural cavity?

what is tuberculosis?

infectious disease that can affect any organ or tissue

what are mucolytics?

drugs that loosen mucus

what is a pulse oximeter?

sensor placed on the finger to measure oxygen saturation of the blood

what are alveoli?

thin-walled sacs

what do bronchioles divide into?

alveoli

what are bronchi?

airways for the lungs

a common cold is also known as..

a viral upper respiratory infection

what is hypercapnia?

excess carbon dioxide

each lobe of the lung are separated by..

fissures

what sinuses open into the nose?

paranasal, maxillary, frontal

what is bronchiectasis?

chronic dilation of the bronchi

what is abscess?

collection of pus

what is bronchopneumonia?

acute inflammation of the walls of smaller bronchioles

what are enzymes?

proteins that are involved with chemical digestion

what is another name for the digestive tract?

alimentary canal

what is another word for chewing?

mastication

what is the roof of the mouth called?

palate

what contains the taste buds?

papillae

what is a periodontist?

specialists in disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth

what is a proctologist?

specialists in diagnosis and treatment of the rectum and anus

the majority of a tooth is composed of..

dentin

dentin is covered by..

enamel

what does -ase mean?

enzyme

what is a smooth muscle contraction?

peristalsis

how many teeth does the average adult have?

32

what is required for vitamn b12 to be absorbed in the intestines?

intrinsic factor

what is mucus?

secretion that lubricates and protects the lining of the digestive tract

what is the most distal region of the stomach?

pylorus

what does the small intestine do?

absorb most water and nutrients

what do proteins break down into?

amino acids

what does hci stand for?

hydrochloric acid

what does hci do?

break down food, and activates pepsin

where does chemical digestion complete?

small intestine

where is the large intestine found?

around the small intestine

what does the esophagus do?

transport food from the pharynx to the stomach

what does the liver do?

produce bile