Equine Production (Breeds, Patterns, Colors)

Falapella

-Argentinian small breed of horse

-Worlds smallest bred of horse

-height: 25-24 inches

-Descend from Andalusian & other Iberian Stock (Spain)

South African Miniature Horse

-Striking, small, well-balanced horse

-Same conformational proportiong of other full sized light breeds

-Height:up to 37 at adulthood

Pony Breeds

-Cannot exceed <58 inches tall at the withers

-Small equine

Miniature Horse

-Cannot exceed 34-38 inches in height

- Keep as companion animals or guide horses

Noma horse

-Japanese breed

-Critically endangered

-Use in farming (pack animals)

-Small, compact & sturdy horse

-Agile on difficult mountain terrain

​

Datong horse

-Chinese breed

-Sturdy pony, well-adapted to life at high altitudes

Shetland Pony (Scotland)

-One of the oldest breed of horse in Britain

-Heavy coats, short legs and are intelligent

-Used for riding, driving and pack purposes

-Height: <10.2h

Philippine Horse

-Ancestors of island-born ponies are imported from Malaysia, China & Japan

-Kabayo- ponies, "primitive" traits

-"True Horses" - brought by Spanish colonizers

Welsh Pony

-Evolved from Celtic Pony

-Classification;

A-smallest; Mountain Pony

B-Welsh pony of riding type

C-Welsh pony of Cob type

D-tallest, Welsh Cob

Connemara Pony

-Ireland breed

-Athleticism, versatility and good disposition; "Sports pony"

-Developed from predecessors from Icelandic ponies

-Height:50-58 inches

-Autosomal recissive disorder hoof wall separation disease

​

Chincoteague pony

-Assateague horse

-Descends from Spanish horse

-Semi- Feral or feral ponies

-Height: 54in (feral state), 58in (domesticated)

-Solid colors & pinto patterns

​

Light breeds horse

-14. 2-17hs

-Used for riding, racing and equestrian sports

Akhal teke horse

-Origin:Turkmenistan

-Height:15-15.1h

-Long and light horse with short silky mane with short tail

-Superb natural gait

​

American paint horse

-A color breed (registered breed to a particular coat color or pattern)

-Resembles pinto but must be a Quarter Horse or Thoroughbred

-Height:14-17hs

Andalusian Horse

"Pure Spanish Horse"

¡ Iberian Peninsula

¡ War horse

¡ Strongly built, compact yet

elegant

¡ Long, thick mages & tails

¡ Intelligent, sensitive & docile

¡ Color: Bay, white, gray,

black/roan

Appaloosa Horse

-Palouse region in Washington

& Idaho (Ner Perce Indians)

- Speed

-Colorful spotted coat pattern;

leopard complez-spotted coat

¡ 3 distinctive "core"

characteristic:

- Mottle skin

- Striped hooves

- White sclera

Arabian

Arabian Peninsula

- Strength & stamina

- Long, compact body, wedge-shaped

head, dished facial profile, long arched

neck

-Height: 51-61in (14.2-15.1)

- Color:White,sabino, roan

Draft Horses

16-19hands

¡ Working animal for hauling and heavy

agricultural task

¡ "Draught horse" "dray horse"

Criollo

Crioulo"

¡ Native in Southern America

¡ Long-distance endurance

(low basal metabolism)

¡ Height: 14.3h (14-15h)

¡ Tractable, intelligent, willing

and sensible

Cleveland Bay

England

¡ Named after its coloring &

Cleveland district of

Yorkshire

¡ Legs are short in relation to

the body

¡ Light draught breed

¡ Large head, long, well-

muscled neck

Holsteiner

Origin: Schleswig-Holstein,

Northern Germany

¡ Oldest of the warmblood

breeds

¡ Preferred for international

show jumping, dressage &

eventing

¡ Identifier: Hot brand on the

left

Hackney horse

Origin: Great Britain

¡ Carriage driving

¡ Height: 14.2-16.2h

¡ Color: bay, brown, chestnut,

black w/ white markings

(sabino genetics)

¡ Slightly convex nose

¡ High knee and hock action

Missouri Fox Trotter

Height: 14-16hs

¡ Natural gait:

¡ Foxtrot - walking motion

in the front with a quick

sliding trot in the rear

Morgan Horse

America/s first breed of light

horse

¡ Descended from "Justin Morgan"

(foundation sire)

¡ Use as coach horse & harness

racing

¡ Compact, refined breed

¡ Color: bay, black, chestnut

variation of pinto

Clydesdale Horse

Origin: Clyde Valley, Scotland ¡ Friesian & Flemish stallions x local mares of Scotland ¡ Use in agriculture, FirstWorld War ¡ Large, powerful horse

Lippizan/lippizaner

Origin: Slovenia (Habsburg

empire)

¡ Born brown/black color à

white gray (6-10 years)

¡ Slow to mature & long-lived

¡ Wide, deep chest & broad

croup (Baroque horse type)

Moroccan Barb

One of the ancestors of

the Thoroughbred

¡ Height: 14.2-15.2hs

¡ Colors: Bay, dark bay and

black

Standardbred

World's fastest harness

horse

¡ Compete in trot or pace

¡ Color: Bay, brown, black

¡ Large head, often roman

nose, straight neck, sloping

shoulders

¡ Easy to train & submissive

Saddlebred

Descended from the riding-type

horses bred during American

Revolution (Narragansett Pacer,

Canadian Pacer, Morgan,

Thoroughbred)

¡ Known of sense of presence & style

¡ Gentle temperaments

¡ "Gaited breed" - 4-beat ambling gait

Quarter horse

Largest breed in the world as

indicated in breed registry

¡ Underline is longer than the

back

¡ Quarters are muscular

¡ Use in rodeos, horse shows &

ranch work

Friesian Horse

Origin: Friesland, Netherlands

¡ Long, thick mane & tail, wavy

long silky hair on the lower

legs

¡ Baroque body type or "sport

horse" type

¡ Color: ALL BLACK

¡ Height: 15h

American Cream Draft

Origin: Iowa

¡ Foundation:"Old Granny" mare

¡ Rare breed

¡ Color: Cream color; champagne

gene (diluted color) - white mane,

tail & pink skin

¡ Eyes:Amber colored eyes

Belgian Draught

Origin: Belgium

¡ "Brabant"

¡ Descended from war

horses in Middle Ages

¡ Heavy farm horse -

powerful, tall, massive

horses

¡ Height: 16-18hs

Mustang

Descended from horses

brought by Spanish

Conquistadors

¡ Feral horses - free-

roaming

¡ Varying phenotypes of

other breeds & types of

horses contributed to

modern mustang

Percheron Horse

Origin: Perche Region, Normandy

¡ Most popular draft breed in 1900

¡ Well-muscled

¡ Intelligent & willing to work

¡ Color: Gray or black

Tennessee Walking horse

-"Tennessee Walker"

¡ Breed origin: Narragansett

Pacer, Canadian Pacers,

Spanish Mustangs

¡ Black Allan - foundation sire

¡ Unique walking gait - 4-beat

running-walk

¡ Easy to ride

¡ Farms & plantation

Shire

Largest and most

powerful draft horse in

Britain

¡ Nose is rather convex

¡ Height: 16.2-17.2hs

Suffolk

Origin: Sufflock in East Anglia

¡ "Suffolk Punch" or "Sufflock

Sorrel"

¡ "Punch" Old English for " Short

stout person"

¡ Color: Chestnut

¡ Shorter but more massively

built

¡ Sloping shoulders, wide back

Thoroughbred

Origin: Great Britain

¡ Ancestors:Arabian horses (imported and bred with

sprinting mares)

¡ Foundation stallions: Byerly Turk, Godolphin Arabian,

Darley Arabian

¡ Known for its speed on the race track

2 Basic pigment colors of horse hairs

-Phenomelanin-'red'-produces reddish brown color

-Eunomelanin-produces black

Five basic coat colors

-Bay

-Black

-Brown

-White

-Chestnut (sorrel)

Bay

- reddish-brown or brown with have black points (mane, tail, ears edges and lower legs ¡ Genetics: One dominant Aguoti gene and at least one dominant Extension gene ¡ Note: No black points =/= bay

Bay

Light bay - more yellow

¡ Dark bay - more red

¡ Mahogany bay - darkest bay color

Black

-black horse has black

eyes, and black points

¡ Genetics - homozygous black =

dominant extension gene

¡ Dark brown eyes, black skin

with wholly black hair coats

¡ Breeds: Friesian horse, Murgese,

Ariegeois

Brown

coloration is brown ¡ Genetics - result of black base color combined with gene similar to agouti gene ¡ Seal Brown - full black but have tan or brown hairs

Chestnut (Sorrel)

- reddish-to-brown coat with mane and

tail the same or lighter in color than coat

¡ Absence of true black hairs

¡ Most common coat colors; dark brown eyes and black skin

¡ Genetics: Recessive extension gene

¡ Wildtype E (bay & black coat color) + two mutations of "e" and

"

ea

" (cause chestnut color)

Basic chestnut (Types of chestnut)

-solid copper-reddish coat, mane & tail close to the same shade as the body coat

Liver Chestnut

-very dark-reddish brown, common in Morgan horse

Flaxen Chestnut

-manes & tails are lighter than the body

White Coat color

born predominantly and stays white throughout the life ¡ Genetics - Dominant white genes (W)(rare) ¡ Unpigmented skin and white hair, dark or blue eyes ¡ Different from albino

Depigmentation phenotypes (White coat color)

-white markings,

white patterns or dominant

white

Dominant White (White coat colors)

alleles producing pink-skinned all- white horses with brown eyes

Classic Dun

bay dun or zebra dun; common type; tan or

goldy body with black mane, tail and markings

¡ Underlying bay color with dun gene

Dun (Buckskin)

Ancestral or wild type color or horses ¡ Dun gene - dilution gene affecting both red & black pigments ¡ Lightens the body coat with point coloration of mane, tail, ears and legs

Red Dun

-"claybank" light tan coat with reddish points and

markings; underlying chestnut + dun gen

Grullo

"blue dun" dun horse with roan characteristics;

underlying black + dun gene

Letal white syndrome (White coat color)

Cause: Frame allele on

endothelin receptor B

¡ Signs: Non-functioning colon,

no meconium fatal within

hours to days

Dun (Buckskin)

Primitive markings

¡ Dorsal stripe - center of the back, along the spine

¡ Horizontal striping on the back of the forelegs

¡ Facial mask - darker area around the nasal bone & forehead

"Cobwebbing"

¡ Transverse stripe - crosswise stripe along the shoulders

"perpendicular" to the dorsal stripe

¡ Frosting - light hairs at the either side of the mane on the

both sides of the dock of the tail

Grey horse

progressive

depigmentation of the colored

hairs of the coat.

¡ Autosomal dominant gene

(G) - one copy of gray allele

= gray horse

¡ Homozygous gray (GG)

¡ Heterozygous gray (Gg)

​

Grey

- horse with coat that gradually fades from tis original color to white ¡ Born dark and changes to dapple to age 2-5, lighter at 8-10 years ¡ Steel gray - generally black but has white hair ¡ Flea-bitten - small specks of black present ¡ Silver grey - more white is visible

Piebald (Pinto)

any pinto color on black base coat "magpie"

Tobiano Horse

dark color that

covers one & both flanks

¡ 4 legs are white

¡ Color: regular or oval-shaped

spots

¡ Head marking: solid

Sabino (Tobiano)

white marking

on the face & legs all the

way up to a solid white

horse.

¡ Spotting pattern in

between (high legs, belly

spots)

Skewbald (pinto)

-any pinto patterns (chestnut & bay) and white

Blue roans (Roan)

roan w/

dark underlying coat

(bluish cast)

Snip (HEAD AND POINTS)

small patch of

white which runs over the

muzzle, often the lips.

Overo

white will not

cross the back of the horse

between the withers & tail

¡ Dark legs color is irregular

scattered or splashy

¡ Frame Overo

¡ Sabino

¡ Splashed white

Palomino

- genetic color;

golden color

¡ Genetics - Single allele of

dilution gene "Cream gene"

working on chestnut base coat

"incomplete dominance"

¡ True Palomino - have no

black points "newly minted

coin"

Pinto

-(Calico or Paint)

"Spotted horse"

¡ More color in or coat in

large irregular patches or

spots; small non-white

spots up to the size of a

silver dollar

Roan

any horse whose

coat carries white hairs

intermingled with one or

more base colors

¡ Genetics:simple dominant

"Rn" allele - dominantly

inherited cannot skip

generations

Bald Face

one which has white over most of the flat surface of the face, often extending towards the cheeks

star, strip& snip

Tricolored (Pinto)

three colors (bay (brown & black) and

white

Splashed white (tobiano)

less

common

¡ Splashed white coats

horizontally oriented white

marking

¡ Blue eyes, congenital

deafness

Blaze

white strip

down the face to the

lips

Red roan (red)

chestnut

& bay roan;

"Strawberry roan"

STAR (HEAD AND POINTS)

designated small,

clearly defined area of

white hairs on the

forehead

Stripe

white strip down the face to the lips

Star, Snip

Coronet (Feet)

white

stripe covering the

coronet band

Pastern (feet)

white extends from

the coronet to & including the

pastern

Half-stocking

white

extends from the coronet

to the middle of the

cannon

Full-stocking (feet)

while

extends from the coronet to

& including the knee