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histones
Proteins that package and order DNA into structural units called nucleosomes, playing a crucial role in gene regulation and chromosome stability.
semi-conservative
refers to the mechanism of DNA replication where each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
helicase
An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication, separating the two strands to allow for copying.
replication fork
The Y-shaped structure that forms during DNA replication, where the DNA strands are separated to allow for the synthesis of new strands.
DNA Polymerase 3
An essential enzyme in DNA replication that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand, working in conjunction with other enzymes to ensure accurate replication. it also makes tRNA and is involved in proofreading the newly synthesized DNA to correct any errors.
DNA Polymerase 1
Primase
primers
leading strand
lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
exonuclease
Ligase
Phosphodiester Bond
Chromosome
Chromatin
quaternary structure
The highest level of protein structure, formed by the assembly of multiple polypeptide chains into a functional unit. This structure is stabilized by various interactions, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Nucleosome
telomeres
telomerase
mutagens
thymine dimers
Point mutation
substitution mutation
Insertion mutation
deletion mutation
Frameshift mutation
silent mutation
missense mutation
Nonsense mutation
Biohazards
biological material
MSDS/SDS
Central Dogma of Molecular biology
A framework explaining the flow of genetic information within a biological system, typically described as DNA being transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.
transcription
Translation
Transcription Factors
RNA polymerase
Promoter
RNA Processing
RNA splicing
Alternative Splicing
Introns
Exons
5’cap
Poly A tail
Amino acids
polypeptides
p53 gene
Proto-oncogene
tumor-suppressor
Metastasize
Sickle Cell Anemia
how is sickle Cell anemia formed
what type of mutation causes sickle cell anemia and what does it do to the amino acid sequence
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a point mutation in the HBB gene, which leads to the substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin, altering its structure and function.
HBB mutation
is a point mutation that results in the replacement of glutamic acid with valine in the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to become sickle-shaped.
polymorphic region
