AP World History; 3.2 Vocabulary

Divine Right of Kings

the belief that the right to rule was given to kings by God

Justices of the peace

English local officials in the shires appointed by the crown and given wide authority in local government.

English Bill of Rights

assured individual civil liberties (1689) guaranteed protection against tyranny (requires Parliaments agreement on taxes and raising an army)

Absolute

Directed by one source of power, the king, with complete authority

Cardinal Richelieu

Louis XIII's minister helped move to a greater central government and development of the system of intendants

intendents

royal officials that were sent to the provines to execute the orders of the central government. They further strengthened the power of the King.

Louis XIV

(1638-1715) supported the divine right theory, became a dictator, "built" Versaille

Ivan IX

1547-1584) expanded Russia, took control of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberia, domino for Gunpowder empires/nations

tax farmers

oversaw the collection of various taxes in the support of the royal government

boyars

noble landowning class, top of social pyramid

serfdom

peasants who received a plot of the land and protection from a noble, bound to the land and little personal freedom

Romanov Dynasty

ruled Russia from 1613 to 1917, after Ivans death (1584)

Peter I (the Great)

Tsar from 1689 to 1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; sought to change selected aspects of the economy and culture through imitation of western European models.

devshirme

selection system for military used by Ottoman sultans

Janissaries

Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan, (skilled politics, arts, military, high ed) in Ottoman Empire

daimayo

landholding aristocrats

Edo

Tokugawa capital, modern-day Tokyo; center of Tokugawa shogunate.

Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616)

The third unifier of Japan and the first Tokugawa Shogun, declared shogun in 1603

Period of Great Peace

The Tokugawa Shogunate created this period in Japan known as the Edo Period by adopting a policy of isolation, in mid 19th century

Tokugawa Shogunate

a dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan from 1603 to 1867,

Delhi

Akbars capital

Zamindars

paid government officials in charge of specific duties, such as taxation, construction, and water supply

Askia the Great

1493, promoted Islam, elaborate pilgrimmage to Mecca, made Islam official religion in Songhai

Taj Mahal

a tomb built by Shah Jahan (ruled from 1628-1658) for his wife

Shah Jahan

ruled 1628-1658, built the Taj Mahal

Versaille

Louis XIV kept his nobles here, called his palace, his legacy

tax farming

collected by local and private from the controlled government

tributes

sign of respect, submission, or allegiance, and a form of wealth