Chpt. 19: Blood (cardiovascular system)

functions of blood

• transportation (O2, nutrients, waste, hormones)

• protection (pathogens)

• regulation (body temp, pH)

components of blood

1) plasma = 55%

2) red blood cells (erythrocytes, hematocrit) = 45%
3) white blood cells (leukocytes) = 0.5%
4) platelet (fragments) = 0.5%

components of blood plasma = 55%

• 90% water

• 10%:

  • electrocytes

  • proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen)

  • molecules

structure of erythrocytes

• biconcave shape (flexible)

• smallest size of vessels (capillary, 7.5Mm)

• no nucleus (90-120 day lifespan)

function of erythrocytes

• pick up/deliver O2

• transport CO2

• determine type of blood, structure of antigen

• 97% hemoglobin

classification of leukocytes

relative abundance scale of leukocytes

Never = neutrophil (most)
Let = lymphocyte
Monkeys = monocyte

Eat = eosinophil

Bananas = basophil (least)

functions of granulocytes

1) granules

• neutrophil: digestive enzymes

• eosino/basophil: parasites, allergy

2) neutrophil extracellular trap w/ DNA

3) phagocytosis

functions of Agranulocytes

• monocytes: ↑ efficiency, phagocytosis, wound healing

• lymphocytes: B-cells to produce antibodies, T-cells to coordinate immune response, cytotoxic cells to kill mutated cells

functions of platelets

1) release clotting fibers, convert fibrinogen → fibrin

2) stick together

3) release vasoconstrictor (reduce blood flow/loss)

what is sickle cell disease?

• mutation of hemoglobin gene

  • ↓ O2 = RBC deform/stiff

1) pain crisis

2) ↑ risk of stroke, heart disease