Explorers

Vasco De Gama (India/ E.Africa), Pedro Cabral (Brazil)

Portuguese

San Diego

mission

Balboa(Pacific)

Spanish

Pizarro (Andes),

Spanish

Ponce de Leon (FL)

Spanish

Cortes(Mexico),

Spanish

Columbus(Cuba/Hispaniola)

Spanish

Coronado(SW US),

Spanish

Robert LaSalle (LA), V

French

Female

maybe Aztec

Italian explorer / sent by Spain

Isabella & Ferdinand

Landed at Hispaniola

named it San Salvador

1st

Columbus and his men met the Tainos

Tainos warned him of the Cannibs and the Caribs

They were cannibals (Columbus did not believe them)

Verranzo (traced Atlantic coast)

French

Peter Minnuit (Manhattan, NY)

Dutch

John Cabot (Newfoundland, Nova Scotia & Grand Banks Fisheries)

English

Henry Hudson(Hudson Bay area & Canada),

English

Spanish
1475-1519
1st European to go to the Pacific Ocean (1519)

Vasco Nunez Balboa

1460-1521
Spanish
1st European to go to Florida (island)
Searched for the Fountain of Youth
Discovered the Gulf Stream
Established the oldest European settlement in Puerto Rico (Caparra)

Ponce de leon

1485-1566
Spanish
Conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico
Conquered 5 million w/ less than 1000 soldiers
Wanted Tenochtitlan

Hernan Cortes

1535-1541
Explored the Gulf Coast & told of “Seven Golden Cities of Cibola” (said to bethe new El Dorado)

Cabeza de vaca

1500-1542
Spanish
1st European to explore Florida & Southeast America
Panama
“Captain of the Horse “
Violent & brutal w/ Indians
Governor of Cuba

Hernando de soto

1485
Explored East Coast of US from Maine to NC
Italian explorer sent by France
Landed at Cape Fear
Discovered New York Harbor
1528, he was killed and eaten by the natives of one of the Lower Antilles, probably on Guadeloupe.

Giovanni de Verrazzano

French mariner & explorer
Explored the Canadian coast & the St. Lawrence River (1534, 1535, 1541–42) l
basis for later French claims to North America (New France)
credited with naming Canada (Huron-Iroquois kanata)

Jacques Cartier

1450-1499
Italian born English explorer
Explored the coastline of Canada
Colonization of Canada

John Cabot / Giovanni Caboto

English sea captain
Privateer
Navigator
Slave trader
Politician
Defeated the Spanish Armada
Claimed Pacific Coast for Queen Elizabeth

Sir Francis Drake

1584 English explorer, soldier & writer
Named Virginia in honor of Queen Elizabeth I (Virgin Queen)
Sent a group to settle Roanoke Island
Sentenced to the Tower of London
Executed for treason by James I

Sir Walter Raleigh

1587
First English child born in America
Roanoke Colony
Eleanor & Ananias Dare (parents)

Virginia Dare

“The Father of New France”
French Navigator, cartographer, soldier & explorer
He founded New France and Quebec City on July 3, 1608.

Samuel de Champlain

Explored the Mississippi River
Sailed down the MS River to Gulf of Mexico
Claimed MS River Basin = Louisiana Territory for France
“The Father of the Louisiana Territory”

Robert de La Salle

San Diego – mission
Franciscan priest (Catholic Church)
Increased Spanish influence the Spanish conquest & colonization of California

Father Junipero Serra (1713 -1784)

1609
English Explorer
Searched for the Northwest Passage
Discovered the Hudson River

Henry Hudson

1673
Father Marquette
Jesuit priest, missionary & explorer
Helped expand French influence in New France
Explored across Lake Michigan & Mississippi River w/ Jolliet

Jacques Marquette

– historian / missionary / fought for Indian rights

Bartolome De Las Casas

rumor that the Spanish conquerors deliberately annihilated the Native populations of the lands they conquered

Black Legend

Female – maybe Aztec
Interpreter / guide
Concubine to Cortes
b/c of her Cortes had more power b/c he could communicate w/ tribal leaders

Malinche (1502-1527)

1570 chieftain
Tried to unify the Iroquois Confederation
Statesman, lawgiver, shaman
United the 5 nations to found the Iroquois Confederation

Hiawatha

Spanish
1550-1630
Established the colony of New Mexico for Spain
Charged w/ mistreating Indians & abuse of power

Don Juan de Onate

1457-1500
Portuguese explorer
Searched for a water route to Asia

Bartholomeu Dias

Portuguese
Went to India
Discovered ocean route from Portugal to the East
Thought to be impossible if the Indian Ocean was not connected

Vasco de Gama

Explored the California coast (1542)
Did not find the San Francisco Bay or anything interesting
1st European exploration of the west coast of the US
Served in army of Hernan Cortes

Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo

1480-1520
Aztec Emperor
Not well liked
Conquered by Cortes

Montezuma

1475-1541
Spanish
Illiterate
Conquered the Incan capital (destroyed)
Founded Lima , Peru
Had the Incan Emperor strangled after his ransom was paid
Was assassinated by Cortes’ captain

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish Conquistador
1460-1521 (1540s exploring)
Looking for the City of Gold (El Dorado)
1st European to explore the southwest of North America in Arizona & New Mexico
Grand Canyon
Across Texas to Kansas

Francisco Coronado

1254-1324
From Venice, Italy
Traveled the Silk Road to China
24 year journey
Confidant of Kublai Khan, the Mongol Emperor
Increased interest in Asia

Marco Polo

Discoverer (1519)
Named Pacific Ocean
Led the expedition to circumnavigate the globe / he did not survive the voyage
Straits of Magellan (named for him)
Portuguese

Ferdinand Magellan

Italian explorer / sent by Spain – Isabella & Ferdinand
1451-1506
1492 tried to get to India
Landed at Hispaniola – named it San Salvador

Christopher Columbus

1452-1516 / 1451-1504
Catholic
Helped unify Spain
Sent Columbus

Ferdinand of Aragon &
Isabella of Castile

4 Voyages
1st - Columbus and his men met the Tainos
excellent relations between the 2 groups
Columbus suggested that they have Spanish citizenship rights
Some went back to Spain with him to meet the monarch

Columbus