Explorers

European Explorers

**__Portuguese__**→Vasco De Gama (India/ E.Africa), Pedro Cabral (Brazil)
**__Spanish__**→Pizarro (Andes), Balboa(Pacific), Ponce de Leon (FL), Cortes(Mexico), Coronado(SW US), Columbus(Cuba/Hispaniola)
**__French__**→Robert LaSalle(LA), Verranzo(traced Atlantic coast)
**__Dutch__**→Peter Minnuit (Manhattan, NY)
\

English→John Cabot (Newfoundland, Nova Scotia & Grand Banks Fisheries)Henry Hudson(Hudson Bay area & Canada),

Vasco Nunez Balboa

Spanish
1475-1519
1st European to go to the Pacific Ocean (1519)

Ponce de Leon

1460-1521
Spanish
1st European to go to Florida (island)
Searched for the Fountain of Youth
Discovered the Gulf Stream
Established the oldest European settlement in Puerto Rico (Caparra)

Hernan Cortes

1485-1566
Spanish
Conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico
Conquered 5 million w/ less than 1000 soldiers

Wanted Tenochtitlan

Cabeza de Vaca

1535-1541

Explored the Gulf Coast & told of “Seven Golden Cities of Cibola” (said to bethe new El Dorado)

Hernando de Soto

1500-1542
Spanish
1st European to explore Florida & Southeast America
Panama
“Captain of the Horse “
Violent & brutal w/ Indians
Governor of Cuba

Giovanni da Verrazzano

1485
Explored East Coast of US from Maine to NC
Italian explorer sent by France
Landed at Cape Fear
Discovered New York Harbor
1528, he was killed and eaten by the natives of one of the Lower Antilles, probably on Guadeloupe.

Jacques Cartier

French mariner & explorer
Explored the Canadian coast & the St. Lawrence River (1534, 1535, 1541–42) l
basis for later French claims to North America (New France)

credited with naming Canada (Huron-Iroquois kanata)

John Cabot / Giovanni Caboto

1450-1499
Italian born English explorer
Explored the coastline of Canada
Colonization of Canada

Sir Francis Drake

English sea captain
Privateer
Navigator
Slave trader
Politician
Defeated the Spanish Armada
Claimed Pacific Coast for Queen Elizabeth

Sir Walter Raleigh

1584 English explorer, soldier & writer
Named Virginia in honor of Queen Elizabeth I (Virgin Queen)
Sent a group to settle Roanoke Island
Sentenced to the Tower of London
Executed for treason by James I

Virginia Dare

1587
First English child born in America
Roanoke Colony
Eleanor & Ananias Dare (parents)

Samuel de Champlain

“The Father of New France”
French Navigator, cartographer, soldier & explorer
He founded New France and Quebec City on July 3, 1608.

Robert de La Salle

Explored the Mississippi River
Sailed down the MS River to Gulf of Mexico
Claimed MS River Basin = Louisiana Territory for France
“The Father of the Louisiana Territory”

Father Junipero Serra (1713 -1784)

San Diego – mission
Franciscan priest (Catholic Church)
Increased Spanish influence the Spanish conquest & colonization of California

Henry Hudson

1609
English Explorer
Searched for the Northwest Passage
Discovered the Hudson River

Jacques Marquette

1673
Father Marquette
Jesuit priest, missionary & explorer
Helped expand French influence in New France
Explored across Lake Michigan & Mississippi River w/ Jolliet

Bartolome De Las Casas – historian / missionary / fought for Indian rights

Black Legend – rumor that the Spanish conquerors deliberately annihilated the Native populations of the lands they conquered

Malinche (1502-1527)

Female – maybe Aztec
Interpreter / guide
Concubine to Cortes
b/c of her Cortes had more power b/c he could communicate w/ tribal leaders

Hiawatha

1570 chieftain
Tried to unify the Iroquois Confederation
Statesman, lawgiver, shaman
United the 5 nations to found the Iroquois Confederation

Don Juan de Onate

Spanish
1550-1630
Established the colony of New Mexico for Spain
Charged w/ mistreating Indians & abuse of power

Bartholomeu Dias

1457-1500
Portuguese explorer
Searched for a water route to Asia

1st explorer around the Cape of Good Hope

Vasco de Gama

Portuguese
Went to India
Discovered ocean route from Portugal to the East
Thought to be impossible if the Indian Ocean was not connected

Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo

Explored the California coast (1542)
Did not find the San Francisco Bay or anything interesting
1st European exploration of the west coast of the US
Served in army of Hernan Cortes

Montezuma

1480-1520
Aztec Emperor
Not well liked
Conquered by Cortes

Francisco Pizarro

1475-1541
Spanish
Illiterate
Conquered the Incan capital (destroyed)
Founded Lima , Peru
Had the Incan Emperor strangled after his ransom was paid
Was assassinated by Cortes’ captain

Francisco Coronado

Spanish Conquistador
1460-1521 (1540s exploring)
Looking for the City of Gold (El Dorado)
1st European to explore the southwest of North America in Arizona & New Mexico
Grand Canyon
Across Texas to Kansas

Marco Polo

1254-1324
From Venice, Italy
Traveled the Silk Road to China
24 year journey
Confidant of Kublai Khan, the Mongol Emperor
Increased interest in Asia

Ferdinand Magellan

Discoverer (1519)
Named Pacific Ocean
Led the expedition to circumnavigate the globe / he did not survive the voyage
Straits of Magellan (named for him)
Portuguese

Christopher Columbus

Italian explorer / sent by Spain – Isabella & Ferdinand
1451-1506
1492 tried to get to India
Landed at Hispaniola – named it San Salvador

Ferdinand of Aragon & \n Isabella of Castile

1452-1516 / 1451-1504
Catholic
Helped unify Spain
Sent Columbus

Columbus

4 Voyages
1st - Columbus and his men met the Tainos
- excellent relations between the 2 groups
- Columbus suggested that they have Spanish citizenship rights
- Some went back to Spain with him to meet the monarch
Tainos warned him of the Cannibs and the Caribs - They were cannibals (Columbus did not believe them)
-On his voyage back to Spain one of his ships ran aground
-They built a fort and left those men there until Columbus could return.
-When he got back his men had been cannibalized by the Cannibs and the Caribs
-The Tainos had