SAS 4 INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE REASONING

premise

statement or assumption used as the basis of an argument

conclusion

• final statement reached based on the premises

observation

• information gathered through senses

• starting point for inductive reasoning

generalization

• a broad statement from observing multiple examples

• often result of inductive reasoning

counterexample

• example that disproves a generalization

• used to challenge inductive reasoning

syllogism

• a form of inductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, minor premise, and a conclusion

soundness

• deductive argument is sound if it is both valid and its premises are true

validity

• quality of an argument where conclusion logically follows from the premises

deductive reasoning

• top down logic ( G S )

• drawing a specific conclusion from one or more general premises

• is more clearly valid or not

• considered valid id premises are true

inductive reasoning

• bottom up logic (S-G)

• drawing a general conclusion from or more specific observation

• cases support the conclusion, but do not guarantee the truth