chemistry IGCSE Edexcel flame tests

red flame test result

lithium

yellow flame test result

sodium

lilac flame test result

potassium

brick red flame test result

calcium

turns universal indicator red/blue litmus paper red

hydrogen

blue precipitate when reacted with sodium hydroxide

copper

green precipitate when reacted with sodium hydroxide

iron (II)

blue precipitate when reacted with sodium hydroxide

iron (III)

add sodium hydroxide and red litmus paper will turn blue

ammonium

universal indicator will turn blue/red litmus paper turns blue

hydroxide

add hydrochloric acid; test gas given off using limewater. will turn milky

carbonate

add hydrochloric acid, then barium chloride. white precipitate will form

sulphate

add nitric acid, then silver nitrate. white ppt produced

chloride

add nitric acid then silver nitrite. cream ppt

bromide

add nitric acid then silver nitrite. yellow ppt

iodide

anhydrous copper sulphate turns from white to blue

water

bubble through limewater. turns milky

carbon dioxide

turns red damp litmus paper blue

ammonia

glowing splint relights

oxygen

a lighted splint extinguishes with a squeaky pop

hydrogen

turns blue litmus paper red (acid)

hydrogen chloride

bleach red or blue litmus paper; turns white,

chlorine