nutrition 3 quiz study guide meow

If a patient is at risk for stroke, what actions should they take to lower risk?

you should exercise, treat diabetes: control sugar, HTN, lower BP, lose weight, lower cholesterol

If a patient had stroke already with paraplegia on the left side, how does the patient have to be fed?

• you feed patient on the unaffected side to be fed, but the turn pt’s head to weak side

• place food on the strong side of the tongue

  • turn neck to weak side (helps w/ swallowing on strong side)

what kind of foods should patients post stroke eat

• soft foods (like a thick smoothie, not thin liquids or heavy foods)

• moist, dry food

• Which of the following affects BP by promoting excretion of urine? 

• Potassium (NOT SODIUM)

  • ● remember: K+ influences the lowering of BP bc it promotes urinary excretion of Na+. K+ helps reduce tension in blood vessel walls which helps lower BP.

Out of all the categories in the DASH Diet: protein, fat, carbs, which one has the most nutrients?

• Carbs

categories in the DASH Diet

• Low sodium

• Fruits

• Low fats

• Carbs

What are high-quality protein sources for clients with renal disease

Chicken, fish, eggs

If a patient has to eat a high protein diet, what are foods to recommend? 

Eggs, lean meats

What kind of diet should a patient with Crohn’s disease eat?

high protein, low fat, low fiber diet

Symptoms of Celiac disease?

abdominal pain, anemia, fatigue, bloating

Dietary triggers of Celiac disease?

gluten (avoid wheat, barley, rye)

What foods do patients with celiac disease avoid?

Foods with gluten; wheat, barley, and rye, commonly found in foods (bread, pasta, cookies, convenience foods, and cakes) some cosmetics, vitamins, supplements, and medications

Lifestyle changes that help manage hiatal hernia symptoms

• Remaining upright after eating encourages movement of stomach contents into the duodenum

• ○same as GERD

  • elevate HOB

  • sit up after eating (for 3 hr post-meal)

  • decrease fluids

  • regular physical activity

Dietary recommendations for clients with cirrhosis?

• Avoid alcohol

• Late evening snacks (to avoid fasting-associated catabolism)

• Protein

• Sufficient kilocalories

• Low sodium (for pts with ascites)

What do cystic fibrosis pts experience? 

• decreased absorption of protein

  • ○ malabsorption of proteins, fat, fat-soluble vitamins (due to decreased production of pancreatic enzymes), therefore increasing risk of malnutrition

If you are taking care of pt with chronic kidney disease, what is the goal for monitoring Na+ intake? 

• You want them to have less sodium in the diet to help with hypertension

  • ○ low sodium diet in CKD controls blood pressure

For a patient with stage 1 kidney failure, which nutritional modification would you anticipate?

Avoid carbs

What is the American Association of Anesthesiologists 2-4-6-8 Rule?

7 hrs pre-op: avoid fast food (fatty foods)

What is the most common cause of renal failure?

Diabetes mellitus/neuropathy

What do you do if a patient is on a potassium restriction?

Avoid potassium-rich foods like bananas

A patient is on low sodium diet for hypertension. Which statement would indicate that teaching is successful?

“I’m going to drink unsweetened tea with low-sodium.”

A patient is diagnosed with heart failure, what would the treatment be? 

Low sodium diet, fluid restriction, blood pressure and weight management

If a patient with HF has congestion of the lungs, what do you do?

• Treat apnea

• Treat depression bc inactivity

What do you teach a patient who has GERD?

• Avoid spicy foods

• do not eat 3 hours before going to bed

• eat small/frequent meals

• no alcohol, no coffee

chronic kidney failure?

irreversible/lasts longer

acute kidney failure?

sudden/onset/temporary

Chronic kidney disease requires what as a treatment?

Kidney transplant