rt 141 week 5

benign

non life threatening tumor unless interfering with organ function (pressing on them)

small cell carcinoma

rapid cell growth rate, aggressive, responds best to chemo and radiation, airway obstruction, arise centrally near hilar region

non small cell carcinoma

squamous - from basal cells, slower growth, adenocarcinoma - arises from mucous glands of tracheobronchial tree, large cell - arise peripherally, rapid growth

gold standard for screening

low dose CT

biomarker testing

key markers - EGFR, ALK, ROS1, KRAS etc., standard for NSCLC, tumor tissue is tested, allows for targeted therapy use

lung cancer treatment

surgery (early stage), targeted drug therapy (block growth, inhibitors), immunotherapy - grow own pts tumors then reinfuse into pt to boost natural immune function

honeycombing

indicates advanced stage fibrotic lung disease

ILD progression

decreased oxygen transfer efficiency v/q mismatch, dyspnea, exertional hypoxemia immobility, progressive hypoxemia pulmonary hypertension, respiratory failure, death

steroid resistance

can be categorized as IPF

idopathic pulmonary fibrosis

most common interstitial pneumonias, 2:1 male predominance, progressive, dry cough, inspiratory crackles, digital clubbing, hypoxemia at rest, honeycombing

VC

70-90ml/kg IBW, failure 800-1000cc

NIF

>-75 to -100, danger at less than 20cmh2o

guillain barre

starts from ground to the brain, completely reversible with time, plasmapheresis treatment, IVIG

myasthenia gravis

starts from brain to the ground, most common NM disorder, intermittent muscle weakness worsening with repition, ACh medications, diaphragm is involved during crisis, hallmark is chronic muscle fatigue

ALS

degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons,

restrictive lung patterns (NM)

decreased lung volumes, progressive muscle weakness, mucus plugging, atelectasis, hypoventilation, resp failure, ankylosis stiffens ribcage and reduces chest wall compliance