Psych Exam Module 2

hindsight bias

believe we would have known the outcome after learning of it

critical thinking

thinking that doesn’t blindly accept. examine, discern, evaluate

theory

explanation using a set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

hypothesis

a theory that can be tested. often implied by a theory

operational definition

a statement of the procedures used to define the research variable

human intelligence: what an intelligence test measures

replication

repeating the core of a research study, with different participants in different situations, to see if findings extend to other people and circumstances

case study

observation technique where one person is studied closely in hopes to reveal broader principles

survey

technique to see self-reported attitudes or habits of a group

population

all the cases in a group being studied from which samples may be drawn

random sample

sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance to participate

naturalistic observation

observing and recording behavior in natural situations without manipulation or control

correlation

extent two factors vary together

illusory correlation

perception of a relationship where there isn’t one

experiment

research method

investigator manipulates factors to observe effect on a behavior or mental process

random assignment

assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance

experimental group

group that is exposed to the treatment

control group

group that is not exposed to the treatments

double-blind procedure

experiment where both researchers and participants don’t know which group is which

placebo effect

experimental results caused by expectations that it will work

independent variable

the factor being manipulated or whose effect is being studied

dependent variable

the outcome factor. variable will change in response to independent variable

culture

enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a group of people