Lecture Questions for Final Exam

what landmarks is this area?

pterion

What vessel runs deep to the area?

middle meningeal artery

from maxillary artery branch of external carotid artery

What landmark is A?

bregma

What location (in A) does this occur in infants?

anterior fontanelle

What landmark is B?

lambda

What location (in B) does this occur in infants?

posterior fontanelle

The coronal suture of the skull is located between which 2 bones?

frontal and parietal

The sagittal suture of the skull is located between which 2 bones?

parietal bones

The squamosal suture of the skull is located between which 2 bones?

temporal and parietal

The lambdoidal suture of the skull is located between which 2 bones?

parietal and occipital

The TMJ is classified as a ____ joint.

synovial; hinge joint

What structure does contain inside TMJ?

fibrocarilaginous disc

What does the structure separate right & left hemispheres?

Falx cerebri

What bones do attach to the Falx cerebri? (answer anteriorly and posteriorly)

anteriorly = crista galli of ethmoid; posteriorly = occipital bone

What does the structure separate cerebrum from cerebellum?

Tentorium cerebelli

What does the Tentorium cerebelli create compartments?

supratentorial and infratentorial compartments

What spaces of meninges do have from superficial to deep?

Epidural space → Subdural space → Subarachnoid space

What meninges do have from superficial to deep?

Dura mater → Arachnoid mater → Pia mater

Flow of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

lateral ventricle → interventricular foramen → 3rd ventricle → cerebral aqueduct → 4th ventricle → lateral aperture/SC central canal/ median aperture → subarachnoid space → arachnoid villi → venous system via jugular

Functions of CSF (4)

1. protection

2. buoyancy

3. homeostasis

4. nutrient & chemical transport

blood supply input comes from 4 vessels which are:

2 internal carotid arteries (comes from R/L common carotid arteries)

2 vertebral arteries

What is the coronary artery labeled as #1?

left coronary artery

what is the coronary artery labeled as #4?

right coronary artery

Which of the following is NOT a function of cranial nerve VII facial nerve?

A. sensation to face

B. motor to the muscles of facial expression

C. taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue

D. motor to stylohyoid and posterior digastric

A. sensation to face

Which cranial nerves travel through the superior orbital fissure?

CN III, CN IV, CN VI, CN V1

Which cranial nerves travel through the foramen rotundum?

CN V2

Which cranial nerves travel through the foramen ovale?

CN V3

Which vessel travels through the foramen spinosum?

middle meningeal artery

Which cranial nerves travel through the internal acoustic meatus?

CN VII, CN VIII

Which cranial nerves travel through the jugular foramen?

CN IX, CN X, CN XI

Which cranial nerve travels through the hypoglossal canal?

CN XII

What is the function of cranial nerve XI?

A. sense of sound, rotation, gravity

B. motor to the tongue

C. motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

D. motor to lateral rectus muscle of eyeball

C. motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

What is the function of cranial nerve VI?

A. sense of sound, rotation, gravity

B. motor to the tongue

C. motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

D. motor to lateral rectus muscle of eyeball

D. motor to lateral rectus muscle of eyeball

What is the function of cranial nerve III?

A. sense of sound, rotation, gravity

B. motor to the tongue

C. motor to eyeball muscles

D. motor to lateral rectus muscle of eyeball

C. motor to eyeball muscles

What is the function of cranial nerve I?

A. sense of sound, rotation, gravity

B. motor to the tongue

C. motor to eyeball muscles

D. sense of smell

D. sense of smell

What is the function of cranial nerve IV?

A. sense of vision

B. motor to the tongue

C. motor to superior oblique muscle of eyeball

D. motor to eyeball muscles

C. motor to superior oblique muscle of eyeball

Functions of trigeminal nerve (CN V)

V1= sensation to face (off to the supraorbital nerve; ophthalmic)

V2 = sensation to face (off to the infraorbital nerve; maxillary)

V3= sensation to face, motor to mastication (off to the mental nerve; mandibular)

Function of Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

sensation to taste from posterior 1/3 of the tongue

motor to stylopharyngeus muscle

Function of Vagus nerve (CN X)

parasympathetic motor to most thoracic and abdominal viscera

motor to pharynx and larynx muscles

From the right atrium, blood flows through the ____ valve into the ____ ventricle

tricuspid; right

From the left atrium, blood flows through the ____ valve into the _____.

bicuspid valve; left

the right common carotid artery branches off of the _____

brachiocephalic trunk

When a patient rotates their trunk to the left, they are using which of the following muscles?

Right EAO, left IAO

When a patient rotates their trunk to the right, they are using which of the following muscles?

Left EAO, right IAO

The action of the posterior salene is:

laterally flex head and neck; elevate 2nd rib during forced inspiration

The action of the anterior and middle scalene is:

laterally flex head and neck to same side; elevate 1st rib during forced inspiration

The anterior belly of the digastric muscle is innervated by:

nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve

Which of the following cranial nerves are purely sensory?

A. I, II, VIII

B. III, IV, VI

C. IV, V, VII

D. X, XI, XII

I, II, VIII

In humans there are ____ total ribs.

24

In humans, there are ___ total true ribs.

14

In humans, there are ___ total false ribs

10

In the false ribs, ribs 8-10 attach [directly or indirectly] to sternum through cartilage.

indirectly

In the true ribs, ribs 1-7 attach [directly or indirectly] to sternum

directly

In the false ribs, what is called for ribs 11 and 12?

floating ribs

What number of ribs are called typical ribs?

ribs 3-9

What number of ribs are called atypical ribs?

ribs 1,2, 10-12

A typical rib, such as rib #7, articulates with which of the following? (more than one answer)

A. vertebral body of T7

B. vertebral body of T6

C. Intervertebral disc between T7 and T6

D. Transverse process of T7

A. vertebral body of T7

B. vertebral body of T6

C. Intervertebral disc between T7 and T6

D. Transverse process of T7

The costovertebral joints are classified as ____ joint

gliding

The phrenic nerve is innervated by:

phrenic nerve C3,4,5

Female Pelvis has ___ subpubic angle, ____ prominent sacral curvature, and ____ pelvis than Male.

A. smaller; more; deeper

B. larger; less; shallower

C. smaller; less; deeper

D. larger; more; shallower

B. larger; less; shallower

Male Pelvis has ___ subpubic angle, ____ prominent sacral curvature, and ____ pelvis than Female.

A. smaller; more; deeper

B. larger; less; shallower

C. smaller; less; deeper

D. larger; more; shallower

A. smaller; more; deeper

The sternocostal joints for ribs 2-7 are classified as _____ joints.

synovial; gliding

The ______ stabilizes the articulation between the transverse process and the rib tubercle.

A. radiate ligament

B. articular capsule

C. intraarticular ligament

D. costotransverse ligament

D. costotransverse ligament

The intercostal nerves are…

A. motor; derived from ventral rami

B. mixed; derived from dorsal rami

C. mixed; derived from ventral rami

D. sensory; derived from dorsal rami

C. mixed; derived from ventral rami

Venous blood from the coronary circulation is returned to the right side of the heart by the______.

coronary sinus

The innervation of the internal abdominal oblique is:

A. Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11 spinal nerves) and subcostal nerve

B. Thoracoabdominal nerves (T6-T12 spinal nerves) and 1st lumbar nerve

C. intercostal nerve

D. ventral rami of T12-L4 nerves

B. Thoracoabdominal nerves (T6-T12 spinal nerves) and 1st lumbar nerve

In females, the inguinal canal accommodates the ____

A. vas deferens

B. internal iliac artery

C. genitofemoral nerve

D. round ligament

round ligament

Sensation from the external genetalia of both sexes is carried by the:

A. genitofemoral nerve

B. ilioinguinal nerve

C. pudendal nerve

D. obturator nerve

pudendal nerve

A direct inguinal hernia occurs _____ to the epigastric vessels and is _______.

A. medial; congenital

B. medial; acquired

C. lateral; acquired

D. lateral; congenital

medial; acquired

What hormones does thyroid gland secrete?

T3, T4, calcitonin

What is the function of T3 & T4 of thyroid gland?

control metabolic rate

What is the function of calcitonin of thyroid gland?

control calcium homeostasis

identify this vessel

brachiocephalic trunk

identify this vessel

pulmonary vein

identify this muscle

transversus abdominis

identify this vessel

left anterior descending artery

identify tagged muscle

ischiococcygeus (coccygeus)