Mechanism of Enzyme Action

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7 Terms

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What are enzymes?

They are biological catalysts and are used in metabolic reactions, lowering the activation energy and are not used up in the reaction.

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Enzyme structure

They are globular proteins with a specific tertiary shape

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How do enzymes work?

Enzymes combine reversibly with substrate molecules to form an enzyme-substrate complex.

Enzyme + Substrate → Enzyme-substrate complex

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Enzyme-substrate complex

The enzyme-substrate complex then breaks down to give the product and release the enzyme in an unchanged form.

Enzyme-substrate complex → product + enzyme

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What are the 2 theories?

- Lock & key hypothesis

- Induced fit hypothesis

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Lock & Key

Enzymes are specific to substrates they bind to meaning that only one type of substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme.

The enzyme's active site has a complementary tertiary structure to a substrate molecule, and they form an enzyme-substrate complex and then release the products.

<p>Enzymes are specific to substrates they bind to meaning that only one type of substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme.</p><p>The enzyme's active site has a complementary tertiary structure to a substrate molecule, and they form an enzyme-substrate complex and then release the products.</p>
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Induced Fit

Enzymes are specific to substrates they bind to meaning that only one type of substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme.

When the enzyme and substrate form a complex, the structure of the enzyme is altered so that the active site of the enzyme fits around the substrate.

<p>Enzymes are specific to substrates they bind to meaning that only one type of substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme.</p><p>When the enzyme and substrate form a complex, the structure of the enzyme is altered so that the active site of the enzyme fits around the substrate.</p>