PPL Acronyms

Steam Fog

Very cold dry air over warmer water, water evaporates and bleeds off moisture to the cooler air.

Upslope Fog

Warm moist stable air travels up along a mountain slope, cools, and forms fog.

Precipitation Fog

Warmer rain falls through colder air; rain cools and forms fog

Radiation Fog

Ground cools rapidly and cools surrounding air on a calm still night.

Advection Fog

Warm moist air moves over the cooler ground or water ( wind is required )

Ice Fog

Water vapor turns directly into ice crystals

Airmet Issuance Criteria

Light to Mod Turbulence, Freezing Level. Or IFR Conditions

Issued every 6 hours valid for 6 hours

Types of Turbulence

Mountain Wave - Due to wind travelling up/down mountains and disrupting airflow
Convective - Due to solar radiation and the convective cycle
Mechanical - Due to objects on the ground obscuring airflow

Sigmet Issuance Criteria

Issued as needed, valid for 4 hours.
Issued for Severe conditions not associated with thunderstorms
Icing, Turbulence, Dust/Sand storms, Volcanic Ash & Cyclones (Valid for 6 hours)

Convective Sigmet Issuance Criteria

Issued hourly, valid for 2 hours
Severe conditions associated with thunderstorms
Surface winds >= 50 kts, Hail >= ¾ in Diameter, Tornadoes, Squall Lines, Embedded TS

Center Weather Advisory (CWA)

Current conditions related to Conv Sigmets, Sigmets, or Airmets provided by ATC controllers when in flight. Issued as needed and valid for 2 hours.

Hypemic Hypoxia

Bloods capacity to carry oxygen is reduced, can be caused due to a loss of blood or CO poisoning.

Open windows, turn off cabin heat

Hypoxic Hypoxia

Lack of partial pressure of oxygen to lungs; can be caused by high altitude

Descend

Histotoxic Hypoxia

Inability for the cells to process Oxygen, can be due to drugs or alcohol

Descend and land

Stagnant Hypoxia

Oxygen rich blood isn’t moving to the muscles; could be due to G’s, extreme cold, or heart failure

Relax G’s, cabin heat, descend and seek help

Hypoxia Symptoms

Cyanosis, headache, slow reaction time, Euphoria (joy), drowsiness, lightheaded, numbness

Notam D

Includes taxiway closures, equipment near runway, lighting aids not affecting IFR flight

Flight Data Center (FDC) Notams

Any addition to the Aeronautical Chart: TFRs, laser light, high pressure, ADS-B availability, special notices

Special Activity Airspace (SAA) Notams

Warm when special airspace (MOA or Alert area) is active outside of the given time

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)

GPS self monitoring to ensure enough satellites are in contract with receiver for accurate position information

Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)

Ground / satellite based NAVAID stations to upgrade GPS accuracy. Gives onboard GPS system issues in the area.

Lost Procedures

Circle, Climb, Communicate, Confess, Comply

Cloud base Formula

(Surface Temp (F) - Dew Pt) / 4.4 × 1000 + surface elevation

Pressure Altitude

((29.92 - current alt setting)*1000) + airport elevation

Weight Moved

(Del W / Total Weight) = (Del CG / Arm1 - Arm2)

Weight Removed / Added

(Del CG / oldcg - arm) = (W added / W new)