Pediatrics Vaccination Overview

This set of flashcards covers essential vocabulary and key concepts from the Pediatrics Vaccination lecture notes, focusing on various vaccines, their purposes, indications, contraindications, and protocols.

BCG

A live attenuated vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) administered preferably at birth.

Hepatitis B

A recombinant vaccine given at birth, 1 month, and 6 months for the prevention of Hepatitis B.

DTaP / DTwP

A toxoid plus acellular/bacterial vaccine for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.

Polio (OPV / IPV)

OPV is a live attenuated vaccine while IPV is inactivated; used to prevent poliovirus.

Hib

Conjugate polysaccharide vaccine for the prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b.

Pneumococcal (PCV)

A conjugate vaccine for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease.

Rotavirus (RV1 / RV5)

Live attenuated vaccines for the prevention of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus.

Measles

A live attenuated vaccine administered at 9 months and again at 12–15 months.

MMR

A live attenuated vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.

Varicella

A live attenuated vaccine for the prevention of chickenpox, given at 12–15 months.

Influenza (TIV / QIV)

An inactivated vaccine given annually to protect against influenza.

Hepatitis A (HepA)

Inactivated or live attenuated vaccine for Hepatitis A, given after 12 months.

HPV

A recombinant vaccine for the prevention of cervical and other cancers.

COVID-19

mRNA vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna) used for COVID-19 prevention.

Meningococcal (MCV4-D / MCV4-TT / MPSV4)

Conjugate or polysaccharide vaccines for meningococcal disease.

Typhoid (IM – Vi capsular)

Inactivated polysaccharide vaccine for prevention of typhoid fever.

Typhoid (Oral Ty21a)

A live attenuated oral vaccine for typhoid fever prevention.

Rabies Vaccine

Inactivated vaccines for rabies, used pre- and post-exposure.

Rabies Immunoglobulin (HRIG / ERIG)

Passive immunization for post-exposure rabies prophylaxis.

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV23)

Polysaccharide vaccine for pneumococcal disease prevention in high-risk groups.

Live attenuated vaccine

A vaccine containing a weakened form of the germ.

Recombinant vaccine

A vaccine made using recombinant DNA technology.

Toxoid vaccine

A vaccine that uses a toxin produced by the germ to stimulate immunity.

Inactivated vaccine

A vaccine made from virus or bacteria that have been killed.

HepB vaccine

Vaccination against Hepatitis B, often given at birth.

Td / Tdap

Vaccines for tetanus and diphtheria, given at varying intervals.

JEV

An inactivated vaccine for the prevention of Japanese encephalitis, particularly recommended for travelers to endemic areas

What type of vaccine is BCG, and at what age is it preferably administered?

A live attenuated vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) administered preferably at birth.

What type of vaccine is Hepatitis B, and at what ages is it given?

A recombinant vaccine given at birth, 1 month, and 6 months for the prevention of Hepatitis B.

What type of vaccine is DTaP / DTwP, and when is it typically administered?

A toxoid plus acellular/bacterial vaccine for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, typically administered during childhood.

What types of vaccine are OPV and IPV for polio, and when are they typically administered?

OPV is a live attenuated vaccine while IPV is inactivated; both are used to prevent poliovirus, typically administered during childhood.

What type of vaccine is Hib, and when is it commonly given?

A conjugate polysaccharide vaccine for the prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b, commonly given during infancy.

What type of vaccine is Pneumococcal (PCV), and when is it typically administered?

A conjugate vaccine for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease, typically administered in infancy and early childhood.

What type of vaccines are RV1 / RV5 for Rotavirus, and when are they typically given?

Live attenuated vaccines for the prevention of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus, typically given in early infancy.

What type of vaccine is Measles, and at what ages is it administered?

A live attenuated vaccine administered at 9 months and again at 12–15 months.

What type of vaccine is MMR, and when is it typically administered?

A live attenuated vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, typically administered starting at 12–15 months of age.

What type of vaccine is Varicella, and at what ages is it given?

A live attenuated vaccine for the prevention of chickenpox, given at 12–15 months.

What type of vaccine is Influenza (TIV / QIV), and how often is it given?

An inactivated vaccine given annually to protect against influenza, recommended for most age groups from 6 months onwards.

What types of vaccines are available for Hepatitis A (HepA), and when is it given?

Inactivated or live attenuated vaccine for Hepatitis A, given after 12 months.

What type of vaccine is HPV, and for what ages is it typically recommended?

A recombinant vaccine for the prevention of cervical and other cancers, typically recommended for pre-teen and early adolescent ages (e.g., 9-12 years).

What type of vaccines are used for COVID-19, and for what age groups are they recommended?

mRNA vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna) used for COVID-19 prevention, recommended for various age groups as per public health guidelines (from 6 months upwards, depending on the specific vaccine and region).

What types of vaccines are available for Meningococcal disease, and for whom are they typically recommended?

Conjugate or polysaccharide vaccines for meningococcal disease, typically recommended for adolescents (e.g., ages 11-12 with a booster at 16) and certain high-risk individuals.

What type of vaccine is the IM (Vi capsular) Typhoid vaccine, and for whom is it recommended?

Inactivated polysaccharide vaccine for prevention of typhoid fever, typically recommended for travelers and those in endemic areas (ages 2 years and older).

What type of vaccine is the Oral Ty21a Typhoid vaccine, and for whom is it recommended?

A live attenuated oral vaccine for typhoid fever prevention, typically recommended for travelers and those in endemic areas (ages 6 years and older).

What type of vaccine is the Rabies Vaccine, and for what age groups is it used pre- and post-exposure?

Inactivated vaccines for rabies, used pre- and post-exposure for all ages.

What type of immunization is Rabies Immunoglobulin, and for what age groups is it used?

Passive immunization (Type: Immune Globulin) for post-exposure rabies prophylaxis, used for all ages after exposure.

What type of vaccine is PPV23, and for whom is it recommended?

A polysaccharide vaccine for pneumococcal disease prevention, typically recommended for high-risk groups and older adults (e.g. 65 years and older, or individuals aged 2-64 with certain medical conditions).

What defines a live attenuated vaccine?

A vaccine containing a weakened form of the germ.

How is a recombinant vaccine made?

A vaccine made using recombinant DNA technology.

What mechanism does a toxoid vaccine use to stimulate immunity?

A vaccine that uses a toxin produced by the germ to stimulate immunity.

How is an inactivated vaccine produced?

A vaccine made from virus or bacteria that have been killed.

What type of vaccine is HepB, and when is it often given?

A recombinant vaccine for Hepatitis B, often given at birth.

What types of vaccines are Td / Tdap, and at what intervals are they administered?

Toxoid vaccines for tetanus and diphtheria, given at varying intervals as booster shots after primary childhood vaccination, starting from childhood to adulthood.

What type of vaccine is for Japanese Encephalitis, and for whom is it recommended?

An inactivated vaccine for the prevention of Japanese encephalitis, particularly recommended for travelers (typically adults and children aged 2 months and older) to endemic areas and laboratory workers.