music 204 exam 3

what does the term “moldy figs” refer to?

People who went back to playing trad jazz from Bebop 

what job did Lennie Tristano have?

preformer and school teacher in Chicago

what was Lennie Tristanos innfluence on cool school?

taught the famous cool jazz muscians

what was Lennie Tristanos musical style?

dissonance and over-the-bar phrasing  

Atonality and free-form group improv

what was Claude Thornhills innfluece on the cool school?

Arranger for many bands, unconventional instrumentation and subtle dynamics

what was Gil Evans role in the Claude Thornhill Orchestra?

Main arranger for the band, one of the most important arrangers in band, unusual instrument compositions, treats big band as orchestra  

what was Lee Konitz role in the Claude Thornhill Orchestra?

a leader of the cool school

what was Garry Mulligans role in the Claude Thornhill orchestra?

arranger and bari sax

what are the characteristics of cool jazz?

Subdued rhythms, soft articulations, muted accents  

Lyrical melodies  

Mellow sounding instrumentation 

Muted tpts and tbns, French horns, flugelhorns, and tuba 

Soft dynamics 

Greater emphasis on arrangement  

Exploratory musical forms and structures  

Contrapuntal textures  

Classically-inspired tone and articulation 

when was the birth of the cool?

1949-1950

what main artisted created the birth of cool jazz?

Miles Davis

what is the instrumentation for cool jazz?

Nonet: Tpt, Tbn, French hrn, Tba, alto sax, bari sax,  

who is the arranger on boblicity?

Gil Evans

what is the style on boblicity?

cool jazz

who is the main saxaphonist on boblicity?

Gerry Mulligan

who is the trumpet soloist on boblicity?

Miles Davis

where was the geographical home for cool jazz?

west coast

what instrument did Gerry Mulligan play?

Bari Sax

what was unique about Gerry Mulligans quartet

lacked a piano

what instrument(s) did Chet Baker play?

trumpet and voice

what was Chet Bakers style?

Singable improvisations 

what innfluence did Dave Brubeck have?

classical

who were the members of the Dave Brubeck classic quartet?

Brubeck (pno), Desmond (alto), Eugene Wright (bass), and Joe Morello (drums) 

what instrument did Paul Desmond play?

alto sax

what was Paul Desmonds style?

Smooth sound, like a dry martini  

what group was Paul Desmond apart of?

Dave Brubeck quartet

who was the personel on “take five”?

Brubeck (pno), Desmond (alto), Eugene Wright (bass), and Joe Morello (drums) 

what time signature is “take five” in?

5/4

what style is “take five”?

cool jazz

what does third stream music refer to?

mix of classical and jazz music

who coined third stream music?

Gunther Schuller

who were the members of the Modern Jazz Quartet?

John Lewis (pno), Milt Jackson (Vib), Kenny Clarke (drums), and Percy Heath (bass) 

what style was the Modern Jazz Quartet promoters of?

Third stream music

what group made “concorde”?

the Modern Jazz Quartet

what form is “concord” in?

Fuge

what was hard bops main innfluences?

goespl music

the blues

where was hard bops geographic center

east coast

what are the characteristics of hard bop?

Aggressive expression  

Hard-swinging rhythmic sense 

Increased interaction between soloists and comping instruments 

Bluesy expressiveness 

Gospel-related chord progressions and stylistic gestures 

Catchier, more accessible heads than Bebop 

Greater focus on arrangements 

Bebop instrumentation, sometimes adding a third horn 

who made the album “walkin”?

Miles Davis

what was signfigant about “walkin”?

first hard bop album

“return of the hot”

who was Clifford Browns mentor?

Fats Navarro

what instrument did Clifford Brown play?

trumpet

what style did Clifford Brown play?

hard bop

what is Horace Silver’s styles?

funky, gospel and blues soaked styles of jazz  

who did Horace Silver partner with?

Art Blakey

what innfluence did Art Blakey have?

religous innfluence, specifically islam

who did Art Blakey work with?

the Jazz Messengers 

what style is “moanin”?

Hard bop

who preformed “moanin”?

Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers  

what specific techniques are used in “moanin”?

Call and response  

"amen cords"  

Bluesy melody 

Half valve effects, double tonging  

what is the long standing signifigance of the Jazz Messengers?

formed a jazz conservatory for the up and coming musicians and helped launch the careers of more than 200 musicians

what instrument does Sonny Rollins play?

tenor sax

what is Sonny Rollins solo style?

Motivic improvisation 

Developing a motive or group of motives into a larger statement 

what elements does Charles Mingus incorperate into his music?

Ellington, Bird, cool jazz, free jazz, and classical composers 

what did Charles Mingus make?

protest music

who wrote “Boogie Stop Shuffle”?

Charles Mingus

what special effects are incorperated in “Boogie Stop Shuffle”?

Boogie-woogie bass line 

Wah-wah effects  

Bebop melody line 

what blend of elements make up soul jazz?

Hard Bop, blues, gospel, and soul 

what is the defining instrument of soul jazz?

Hammond B-3 Organ

what instrument did Jimmy Smith play?

Hammond B-3 Organ

what was the signifigance of Jimmy Smith?

Established Hammond B3 organ as a legit jazz instrument  

what artist had soul jazz success with a Bird-like style?

Cannonball Adderly

who was Lee Morgans main innfluence?

Art Blakey

what is Wes Montgomerys guitar style?

Simple, compelling melody lines, often doubled in octaves 

what type of records would Wes Montgomery make?

Soul jazz and pop-inspired records  

what is Stan Getz playing style?

cool

who did Stan Getz collaborate with?

Antonio Carlos Jobim

what was Antonio Carlos Jobims compositional style?

Impressionist harmonies, distinctive melodies, bittersweet lyrics  

what was the significance of Antonio Carlos Jobim?

Helped create bossa nova as a genre  

who composed “the girl from impanema”?

Antônio Carlos Jobim 

who was the saxaphonist on “the girl from impanema”?

Stan Getz

who were the two singers on “the girl from impanema”?

Astrud Gilberto, Joao Gilberto  

what style is “the girl from impanema”?

bossa nova

what is the sax solo style on “the girl from impanema”?

Melodic phrasing with frequent use of chromatic runs, often creating a smooth and lyrical sound.  

what was miles davis playing style at the newport jazz festival?

harmon mute

what was the significance of the newport jazz festival?

Kickstarted Miles Davis career again, got him a contract with Colombia 

who were the members of the miles davis quintet?

Miles Davis, Red Garland, Paul Chambers, Philly Joe Jones 

who were the members of the miles davis sextet?

Miles Davis, Cannonball Adderley, John Coltrane, Bill Evans, Paul Chambers, Jimmy Cobb 

what was Gil Evans arraning style?

Third stream music, Anti-virtuosity

who arranged “the pan piper”?

Gil Evans

who preformed “the pan piper”?

Miles Davis

what stylistic innfluences were there on “the pan piper”?

flameco innfluences

what was Bil Evans playing/arranging style?

Close voicings based on higher intervals  

Smooth legato attack, floating over time 

"quiet fire" Close voicings based on higher intervals  

Smooth legato attack, floating over time 

what is the style of the “kind of blue” album?

Modal jazz

what is the style on “so what”?

Modal style

who are the solosits on “so what”?

Miles Davis trumpet solo 

John Coltrane Saxaphone solo 

Cannonball Adderley Saxaphone solo 

Bill Evans piano solo 

who was the bassist of the Bil Evans trio?

Scott Lafaro

Freer time and countermelodies  

who was the drummer of the Bil Evans trio?

Paul Motian

Rhythmic drive and texture  

who were the two main innfluences on John Coltrane?

Johnny Hodges and Charlie Parker  

who did John Coltrane apprentice with?

Miles Davis and Thelonious Monk

what was the signifigance of John Coltranes spiritual awakening?

Gets sober and dedicates his life and music to God  

what was John Coltranes solo style?

“sheets of sound” and long, exploratory solos  

what was the artist on “giant steps”

John Coltrane

what technique was used on “giant steps”

"Axis progression" of a major 3^rd rapidly switching between keys B, G, and Eb  

who was the drummer of John Coltranes classic quartet?

Evlin Jones 

Propulsive energy, polyrhythms 

who was the pianist on john coltranes classic quartet?

Mccoy Tyner 

Heavy touch, percussive effects, quartal voicings  

who was the bassist in john coltranes classic quartet?

Jimmy Garrison  

who was the sax player in john coltranes classic quartet?

john coltrane

what were Eric Dolphys main instruments?

Flute and Bass Clarinet