Sports Med Final

Vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes about tissue and injury terms.

BONE

Strong framework to support the body and protect organs from injury.

MUSCLE

Bands or bundles of tissue that have the ability to contract and produce movement.

TENDON

Flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue, connects muscle to bone.

LIGAMENT

A fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone.

BLOOD VESSEL

A tube through which blood circulates the body.

NERVE

Bundle of fibers that transmit sensory and motor information.

BURSA

Small fluid filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts.

CARTILAGE

Strong, flexible connective tissue that protects bones and joints.

ABRASION

Superficial wound caused by a wearing off of the skin.

LACERATION

An injury to the skin with rough jagged edges.

INCISION

A wound to the skin with smooth lines.

PUNCTURE

A wound made by a sharp pointed object.

CONTUSION

Injury in which the blood capillaries have been ruptured or aka a bruise.

STRAIN

Stretched or torn muscle or tendon.

SPRAIN

Stretching or tearing of a ligament.

FRACTURE

Complete or partial break in a bone.

MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS

Calcium deposit in bruise healing, causes bone structure in muscle.

SUBLUXATION

When a joint comes out of position and goes back in on its own.

CRAMPS

When a muscle involuntarily contracts.

TENDONITIS

A condition which the tissue connecting muscle to bone becomes inflamed.

BURSITIS

Inflammation of the fluid filled sac that is in areas of high friction.

AVULSION FRACTURE

When a small chunk of bone is pulled away by a tendon or ligament.

FRONTAL PLANE

Divides body into anterior and posterior parts.

TRANSVERSE PLANE

Divides body into superior and inferior parts.

SAGITTAL PLANE

Divides body into left and right parts.

ANTERIOR

Front of the body or more situated towards the head.

POSTERIOR

Towards the back of the body.

MEDIAL

More towards the midline of the body.

LATERAL

Away from the midline of the body.

DISTAL

Away from the origin of attachment.

PROXIMAL

Closer to the point of attachment.

SUPERIOR

Above or towards the top.

INFERIOR

Below or towards the bottom.

VENTRAL

Belly.

SUPERFICIAL

Closer or more towards the surface.

DEEP

Further away from the surface.

FLEXION

Decreasing the angle between a joint.

EXTENSION

Increasing the angle of a joint.

ADDUCTION

Moving a limb closer to the midline of the body.

ABDUCTION

Moving a limb further from the midline of the body.

EVERSION

Ankle movement where the bottom of the foot moves away from midline.

INVERSION

Ankle movement where the bottom of the foot moves towards the midline.

SUPINATION

Movement of the bottom of the foot towards the midline.

RETRACTION

Action of the shoulder blades moving closer together.

ELEVATION

Raising or shrugging your shoulder blades.

PROTRACTION

Pushing or separating your shoulder blades further apart.

ROTATION

When a bone spins around its own axis.

COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

Prolonged pressure on soft tissue, ischemia, potential necrosis.

BONE SHATTERS INTO FRAGMENTS

Key distinguishing feature of a comminuted fracture.

FIXATION

What term describes the surgical realignment of fractured bone ends.

VITAMIN D

What nutrient is critical for effective bone healing.

MRI

Which imaging is most effective for diagnosing soft-tissue injuries.

ANTERIOR TALOFIBULAR LIGAMENT

Structure most likely affected in inversion ankle sprain.

MICROTRAUMA TO MUSCLE FIBERS

Primary cause of delayed-onset muscle soreness.

TENDINITIS

Injury associated with prolonged repetitive motion, causes tendon inflammation.

KELOID

What forms when you body produces more collagen needed when healing an injury.

SYNTHESIZE NEW BONE MATRIX

Role of osteoblast in bone healing.

ADOLESCENTS

Population group most susceptible to epiphyseal plate fractures.

PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURE

Fracture that results from osteoporosis.

CONTUSION

Damage to blood vessels and results in localized bleeding under the skin.

INCREASE CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY

Inflammatory stage of soft tissue healing, histamines.

ESTROGEN

Hormone that plays a significant role in regulating bone remodeling.

STRESS FRACTURE

Fracture most commonly associated with repetitive stress/overuse.

OSTEOPOROSIS

Condition where bone density decreases, increases likelihood of fractures.

SUBLUXATION

Injury where joint comes out of alignment and back in like normal.

PRODUCING COLLAGEN FIBERS

Primary function of fibroblasts in repair stage of healing.

MUSCLE FIBERS

Tissue layer most commonly affected in a strain injury.

CERVICAL LATERAL FLEXION

Tilting head side to side.

CERVICAL ROTATION

Turning head left/right.

CERVICAL FLEXION

Bending neck forward.

CERVICAL EXTENSION

Bending neck backward.

SCAPULAR RETRACTION

Pushing shoulder blades together.

SCAPULAR PROTRACTION

Moving shoulder blades forward.

SCAPULAR ELEVATION

Lifting shoulder blades up.

SCAPULAR DEPRESSION

Pushing shoulder blades down.

SHOULDER FLEXION

Straight arm, moving arm forward.

SHOULDER EXTENSION

Straight arm, moving arm backward.

SHOULDER ABDUCTION

Straight arm, moving arm up away from side.

SHOULDER ADDUCTION

Straight arm, moving arm back to side.

SHOULDER SCAPTION

Straight arm, raising your arm at 45 degree angle.

SHOULDER INTERNAL ROTATION

Rotating arm inward.

SHOULDER EXTERNAL ROTATION

Rotating arm outward.

ELBOW FLEXION

Bending of the elbow.

ELBOW EXTENSION

Straightening of elbow.

WRIST FLEXION

Bending wrist forward in anatomical position.

WRIST EXTENSION

Bending wrist backward in anatomical position.

HIP FLEXION

Lifting leg forward.

HIP EXTENSION

Moving leg backward.

HIP ABDUCTION

Moving leg straight to the side.

HIP ADDUCTION

Bringing your straight leg back to the center of the body.

HIP INTERNAL ROTATION

Rotating your thigh inward, turning your knee to the opposite leg.

HIP EXTERNAL ROTATION

Rotating thigh inward, turning knee away from middle of the body.

KNEE FLEXION

Bending of the knee.

KNEE EXTENSION

Straightening of the knee.

PLANTAR FLEXION

Point foot downward.

DORSIFLEXION

Pulling foot toward shin.

INVERSION

Turning sole of foot inward.

EVERSION

Turning sole of foot outward.

SUPINATION

Rolling bottom of foot inward.

PRONATION

Rolling bottom of foot outward.