Topic 1 Lesson 1 & Topic 2 Lesson 1 - Test - 7EP Life Science

organism

a living thing

cell

the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.

unicellular

single-celled organisms

multicellular

organisms composed of many cells that are specialized to do certain tasks.

stimulus

a change in an organism's surroundings

response

an action or change in behavior as a result of a stimulus.

development

the process of change that occurs during an organism's life to produce a more complex organism.

spontaneous generation

the mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources.

Producer (autotrophs)

organisms that make their own food (ex. plants)

Consumer (heterotrophs)

organisms that cannot make their own food (ex. animals)

homeostasis

maintenance of stable internal conditions

4 Things all Living things need

-water

-food

-living space

-stable internal conditions (homeostasis)

All living things must: (7)

-have cells

-be made of chemicals: water, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

-grow

-develop

-response to stimuli

-reproduces

-use energy

Redi's experiment (disproved spontaneous generation)

Open and closed jars with rotting meat to see if flies arise by spontaneous generation

Pasteur's experiment (disproved spontaneous generation)

Open and closed containers of boiled broth to see if bacteria grow by spontaneous generation

microscope

instrument that makes small objects look larger.

magnification

ability to make things look larger than they appear.

electron microscope

a beam of electrons used to magnify an image.

eyepiece (function)

contains a lens that magnifies 10x

body tube (function)

separates the eye piece lens from the objective lens

nosepiece (function)

holds the low, medium, & high power objectives lenses; allows the objectives to rotate

high power objective (function)

magnifies 40x

low power objective (function)

magnifies 4x

mirror/light (function)

reflects light up through diaphragm

course adjustment knob (diagram)

10

fine adjustment knob (function)

moves for focusing with high power

arm (function)

supports the body tube

stage (function)

supports the slide being used

stage clip (function)

holds the slide in place

base (function)

supports the microscope

diaphragm (function)

controls the amount of light passing through the stage

Power switch (function)

Turns light for microscope

medium power objective (function)

magnifies 10x

Eyepiece (diagram)

1

arm (diagram)

13

fine adjustment knob (diagram)

11

course adjustment knob (function)

moves for focusing on low power

Power switch (diagram)

15

light / mirror (diagram)

8

base (diagram)

9

Diaphragm (diagram)

7

body tube (diagram)

2

nose piece (diagram)

3

stage clip (diagram)

12

stage (diagram)

6

high power objective (diagram)

4

low power objective (diagram)

14

medium power objective (diagram)

5

cell theory

1. All living things are composed of cells.

2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

3. All cells are produced from other cells.

resolution

sharpness of an image.

Robert Hooke

Scientist that looked a cork bark and called what he saw "cells"

Matthias Schleiden

Scientist that discovered that all plants were made of plant cells

Theodor Schwann

Scientist that discovered that all animals were made of animal cells

Schwann & Schleiden

Scientists that came up with the cell theory

Rudolph Virchow

Scientist that helped with the cell theory with his conclusion that cells could only come from other cells

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

Scientist that who looked at teeth "gunk" and called the living things he saw "animalcules"