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The thalamus acts as a relay station to conduct ________ impulses to the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex.
sensory
The hypothalamus is the integration centre of the _____________ nervous system.
autonomic
The __________ contains fibre pathways between the brain and spinal cord.
pons
The ____________ is the location of the medullary pyramids, which act as crossover points for corticospinal motor tracts.
medulla oblongata
The cerebellum adjusts __________ output, ensuring coordination and balance.
motor
Cerebellar grey matter is located in the outer cortex (called folia) and deeper nuclei. White matter tracts are called the ________________.
arbor vitae
The __________ system is involved with emotions and is extensively connected throughout the brain.
limbic
The ____________________ system extends through the brain stem and keeps the cortex alert.
reticular activating
Types of memory include ____________ (fact-based) and ____________ (skills).
declarative; procedural
__________ (fainting) is a brief loss of consciousness, most often due to inadequate cerebral blood flow.
Syncopy
The three layers of meninges are __________ mater, __________ mater, and __________ mater.
dura; arachnoid; pia
The blood-brain barrier excludes most ______ from entering the brain.
drugs
__________ cells are responsible for keeping CSF circulating.
Ependymal
Arachnoid granulation villi are where CSF can be reabsorbed into ________ in the dura mater.
veins
The __________ encloses the nucleus and consists of two membranes separated by a space.
nuclear envelope
The __________ is a dense structure within the nucleus that produces ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
nucleolus
__________ is the form of DNA in the nucleus that is loosely packed and accessible for transcription.
chromatin
A __________ is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a protein.
gene
The sequence of nucleotides in DNA that determines the specific amino acids in a protein is called the __________.
genetic code
The function of genes is to provide the instructions for synthesizing __________ that perform various functions in the body.
proteins
The two phases of protein synthesis are __________ and __________.
transcription; translation
In transcription, DNA is transcribed into __________, which carries the genetic information to the ribosome.
mRNA
During __________, tRNA delivers specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching their anticodons to the codons of mRNA.
translation
Triplets refer to sequences of three nucleotides in __________, while codons refer to sequences in __________.
DNA; mRNA
Anticodons are the complementary sequences to codons on the __________ molecule.
tRNA
