AP HUG U1 review

Census

Counts how many people live in each home, sex, age and race to count for every person

Friction of distance

The idea that distance acts as a barrier to interraction

Geographic System

Includes natural, human and environmental factors

Meridian of Longitude

Measures east to west, North pole to the South pole

Parallel of Latitude

Measures north to south, parallel to the equator

Reference Maps

Provide information on the location of features, such as cities or roads

Scale of analysis

The level of detail geography is studied, from local to global

Site

Physical and cultural characteristics of a place

Situation

The location of a place relative to its surroundings

Thematic Maps

Displays spatial patterns of places and uses quantitative data for topics

Topographic Maps

A reference map that uses contour lines to display the terrain and elevation changes in an area

Choropleth map

Displays data by using different colors to show a different quantity of data

Dot Density

Shows data by placing points on a map where the data is occurring, shows spatial distribution

Graduated Symbol

Uses symbols to show the location and amount of data on a map

Isoline

Uses lines to connect different areas that have similar or equal amounts of dataC

Cartogram

Shows data by the greatest value represented as the largest area

Flow line

Displays the movement of different goods, people, and other things between places

Remote Sensing

A process of collecting information about the Earth’s surface from satellites

GIS

A computer system that can collect, analyze and display geographic data

GPS

Satellites that determine the location of something on Earth’s surface

Absolute location

The exact spot using long and lat

Relative location

Where something is in relation to another object or place

Sense of Place

A strong feeling or perception a person has of a specific location

Time-space compression

The reduction of time it takes for something or someone to get from one place to another

Distance decay

The effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions

Environmental Determinism

The belief that the physical environment dictates a society’s success

Possibilism

The belief that the environment factors a bit into society but human’s can also change that

Land use concept

How land has been changed to be utilized for a specific purpose

Sub-national scale

City, county, region or census tract

Formal/Uniform Region

Has physical or cultural characteristics

Functional/Nodal Region

An area organized around a center point, like transportation

Vernacular/Perceptual Region

Region exists because people believe it does, like the South

Tobler’s first law of geography

Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things

Mercator projection

shows true direction, distorts the shape and size of land masses

Goode Homolosine projection

Maintains accurate land mass size, minimizes distortion

Robinson projection

Distortion near the poles and evenly throughout but preserves the size of land masses

Gall-Peters projection

shows the true size of the earths land masses, distorts direction and shape