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Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Heat (thermal energy)
The transfer from one object to another
Degree Celsius (°C)
A unit of temperature measurement.
Joules (J)
The unit of measurement for heat.
Thermal insulators
Materials that are poor thermal conductors and trap air, preventing energy transfer.
Thermal conductors
Materials that are good at transferring thermal energy, such as metals.
Conduction
The transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching.
Convection
The transfer of energy as heat by the movement of a liquid or gas.
Convection current
The circular motion of fluid caused by density differences resulting from temperature differences.
Thermal radiation
The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves.
Absolute temperature
Temperature on a scale where 0 is absolute zero, indicating minimum energy of atoms and molecules.
Kelvin
A unit of absolute temperature measurement.
Rankine
A temperature scale used in thermodynamics, defined as absolute temperature in Fahrenheit.
Boiling point of water in Celsius
100 degrees Celsius.
Freezing point of water in Fahrenheit
32 degrees Fahrenheit.
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