Ethnobotany Final exam UCF (Dr.Rani)

What do plant narcotics effect?

The CNS

Stimulants

-reduce fatigue

-increase alertness

Hallucinations

-change in thought/emotion

-

Main psychoactive compound in LSD

LAA (Lysergic Acid Amide)

Why did tribes mainly seek out hallucinations?

Religious purposes

Depressants

-dulls alertness

-reduced physical performance

-trance state (sleepy)

What type of drug are Opium Alkaloids?

Depressants

How many Angiosperms are considered plant narcotics

, Name them

7,

-Fabeaceae

-Solanceae

-Papaveraceae

-Rubiaceae

-Erythroxylaceae

-Myristicaceae

-Convolvulaceae

the 2 main types Psychoactive compounds

Alkaloids

, Glycosides

Cryogenic, where found

Pits of stone fruits

Cardio active psychoactives

Milk weed

glycons

Sugar molecules

aglycone

Active compounds

(cassava latex)

(must be activated)

non sugar, cyanide--> steroidal.

What family is Marijuana in?

Cannibinaceae

What kind of leaf does marijuana have?

compound

Trichome

Extension of epidermis that secretes sticky THC compound (mainly female plant)

THC

Tetrahedron canibinal

more_____=more THC

Trichomes

2 species of marijuana and origin

Sativa (China)

Indica (India)

T/F

Marijuana is dioecious

TRUE

"Ma"

Nick name for marijuana in china

First Levi jeans included ____ fiber

hemp

First paper was made with ____

hemp

"Land of mulberry and hemp"

China

Main reason marijuana is used in India

Religious/ medicinal reasons

Shiva was lord of ____

Bhang

Bhang

beverage made of young cannabis mixed with milk, sugar, and spices

Hashish/ Charas, what is it and origins

Pure resin,

Hashish=arab

Charas= india

Sinsemilla, what is it, its origin, how its made

Most potent resin

-Mexico

-unfertilized female plants

What did Arabs use to smoke hashish

Hookahs

Scharlet's web

Strain of cannabis developed for medical research

-stops chronic seizures to only once a week

How was cannabis used in Africa

Sugar field workers chewed the leaves

Who introduces cannabis to the new world?

The spanish

Hashish clubs started in what time century

19th century

Cannabis entered the US from _____, in the _____ century

Central America, 20th century

What type of drug is Opium

depressant

Opium is native to where

Europe/Asia

Major world event surrounding Opium

The opium wars

How is opium made

Dried latex from capsule

4 common opiate drugs

-heroine

-codeine

-papaverine

-morphine

Where does morphine get it's name

Morphius the Greek god

Who developed morphine

F.W Serturner ,1805

Is heroine a natural drug?

NO, it is a half synthetic drug

Why was heroine developed

It was intended to be a non addictive pain killer

(now 6x more addictive than morphine)

"Soldiers Disease"

Common after WWII/Vietnam, soldiers became addicted to heroine after extensive use on the battle field to numb wound pain

Overdose on opium can cause.....

Stop of brain function=stop of repertory function=death

Glycol-heroine, its use

Used as coup syrup in the 19th century

Largest producer of opium

india

Coca

Cocaine

What family is coca in?

erythroxylanceae

How did Andean tribes use coca

Chew leaves,

tea

How are raw coca leaves activated

Chew with lime

Coca was sacred to the

Inca tribes

Who do native Peruvians purpose to a maiden

Giving her coca leaves

Who extracted cocaine for the first time in the 1860's

Albert Neimann

Coca tea is a symbol of ______, and is said to help with _____

Hospitality,

Helps with altitude sickness

Who developed coca wine?

Angelo mariani

Original use for coca-cola

Head ache remedy (1886)

Coke (the drink) has cocaine in it now

NO, originally it did but was removed in 1904

"Coke" (not the soda)

Hydrochloride salt

"crack"

Hydrochloride salt boiled with baking soda

"rocks"

Aka: crack

Freebase

Pure cocaine

How fast does cocaine reach the brain, where is it used medicinally?

Reaches brain in seconds,

Used medicinally in Australia

What family is Tobacco in?

Solanceae

What kind of drug is tobacco?

Stimulant

T/F tobacco is monocot

FALSE

It's dicot

How do we get larger tobacco leaves?

Cut off the apical meristem

translocation

Chemicals develop in roots and move up to the leaves

What reasons did native tribes use tobacco for?

Religion, hospitality

"drinking Smoke"

Smoking large amounts of flaming tobacco in order to send messages to god

What is the word Nicotine derived from?

Name Jean nicot, French ambassador to Portugal

What family id belladonna in?

solanaceae

Effects of atropa

Gives sense of flying

Determined un waving mind

actresses used this to get big eyes

Belladonna,

Overdose caused blindness

Least toxic atropine plant

Henbane

Most hallucinogenic atropine plant

Scopolamine

This wild flower causes wild hallucinations+ death, and is popular among high school aged youth

Angels trumpet/Jimson weed

Peyote/Mescal buttons, what family are they in

cactaceae

This drug has effects that last for 12-24 hers and is said to let people hear the voices of their ancestors

Mescaline buttons

Common name for Piper Methysticum

Kava

What does methysticum mean

Intoxicating

Sold at GMC in solid capsule form to help with digestion and anxiety

Kava

What part of kava is used

The root fragments

The chemical compound in kava

Kavalactones

Where does Betel originate from?

India\ Shri Lanka

Chewed along with Areca nut for social purposes

Betel leaf

Stains teeth red

Betel leaf

After wedding, the couple will chew this and who ever has a more red mouth afterward loves the other person more. What is it?

Betel leaf

T\F

Betel is addictive

TRUE

What family is ololiuqui part of?

Convolvulaceae

What common known flower is produced by ololiuqui and grows on fences

Morning glory

What other drug does ololiuqui resemble and what compound do these drugs share

LSD,

They share LAA

Where is ololiuqui commonly used

Native Mexico, the Aztecs

Called "Divine food" by the Egyptians and is native to Ethiopia

Khat

Has a red petiole and soft leaf

Khat

T\F

Khat is addictive and has negative effects on Men's health

TRUE

"Vine of the soul"

Cayahuasca (AKA: Caapi, Yaje, Capo)

How is cayahuasca made?

Mushed up bark and stems, usually taken from a woody vine, and brewed all day into a tea.

When is Cayahuasca usually drank and how is it consumed?

Tribes drink it at night.

It is sipped slowly as to show respect for the plant.