Atomic Radius, Ionization Energy, Electronegativity

period

horizontal row in the periodic table

group

vertical column in the periodic table

periodic law

repetition of properties occurs when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number

metal

type of element that is a good conductor of heat and electric current

transition metal

type of element characterized by the presence of electrons in the d orbital

electrons

subatomic particles that are transferred to form positive and negative ions

cation

type of ion formed by Group 2A elements

atomic radius/radii

one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms when the atoms are joined

electronegativity

ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a chemically combined compound

increase

How does atomic radius/ atomic size change from top to bottom in a group in the periodic table?

electrons added to the same principal energy level

What causes the shielding effect to remain constant across a period?

ionization energy

energy required to remove an electron from an atom, the energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element

atomic size decreases

What happens to the atomic size as you move across the period

more difficult to remove second electron

Why is the second ionization energy greater than the first ionization energy?

ionization energy

What is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous state called?

ionization energy increases

How does the ionization energy change as you go across the period?

an increase in the number of protons

Which factor can contribute to the increase in ionization energy from left to right across a period?

representative elements

What are the Group 1A and Group 7A elements examples of?