Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering anatomical directions, landmarks, planes of section, body cavities, quadrants, organ systems, cell cycle stages, and microscope concepts from the lab transcript.

Anatomical position

A standardized stance where the subject is standing with legs together, feet on the floor, hands at the sides, and palmar surfaces facing forward.

Supine

Lying down flat in the anatomical position.

Prone

Lying face down in the anatomical position.

Transverse plane

A plane oriented perpendicular to the long axis (also called horizontal or cross-section) that separates superior and inferior portions of the body.

Sagittal plane

A plane parallel to the long axis that divides the body into right and left portions.

Midsagittal plane

A sagittal plane passing directly through the midline, dividing the body into equal right and left halves (also known as median sagittal).

Parasagittal plane

A plane parallel to the long axis that divides the body into unequal right and left portions.

Frontal plane

A plane parallel to the long axis (also called coronal) that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Axilla

Anatomical landmark referring to the armpit (axillary).

Cephalon

Anatomical landmark referring to the head (cephalic).

Oris

Anatomical landmark referring to the mouth (oral).

Mentis

Anatomical landmark referring to the chin (mental).

Brachium

Anatomical landmark referring to the arm (brachial).

Antecubitis

Anatomical landmark referring to the front of the elbow (antecubital).

Antebrachium

Anatomical landmark referring to the forearm (antebrachial).

Carpus

Anatomical landmark referring to the wrist (carpal).

Pollex

Anatomical landmark referring to the thumb.

Crus

Anatomical landmark referring to the leg (crural).

Palma

Anatomical landmark referring to the palm (palmar).

Patella

Anatomical landmark referring to the kneecap (patellar).

Inguen

Anatomical landmark referring to the groin (inguinal).

Femur

Anatomical landmark referring to the thigh (femoral).

Manus

Anatomical landmark referring to the hand (manual).

Tarsus

Anatomical landmark referring to the ankle (tarsal).

Hallux

Anatomical landmark referring to the great toe.

Pes

Anatomical landmark referring to the foot (pedal).

Lumbus

Anatomical posterior landmark referring to the loin (lumbar).

Olecranon

Anatomical posterior landmark referring to the back of the elbow (olecanal).

Popliteus

Anatomical posterior landmark referring to the back of the knee (popliteal).

Gluteus

Anatomical posterior landmark referring to the buttock (gluteal).

Calcaneus

Anatomical posterior landmark referring to the heel of the foot (calcaneal).

Sura

Anatomical posterior landmark referring to the calf (sural).

Planta

Anatomical posterior landmark referring to the sole of the foot (plantar).

Pleural cavity

Subdivision of the thoracic cavity surrounding a lung, lined by the pleura serous membrane.

Pericardial cavity

Subdivision of the thoracic cavity surrounding the heart, lined by the pericardium serous membrane.

Mediastinum

Central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs extending from the sternum to the vertebral column; contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels.

Abdominal cavity

Superior subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity containing the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine.

Pelvic cavity

Inferior subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity containing the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, and internal reproductive organs.

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Abdominopelvic quadrant containing the right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of the stomach, and small/large intestines.

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Abdominopelvic quadrant containing the left lobe of the liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, and portions of the large intestine.

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Abdominopelvic quadrant containing the cecum, appendix, portions of small intestine, right ureter, and right reproductive organs.

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Abdominopelvic quadrant containing most of the small intestine, portions of the large intestine, left ureter, and left reproductive organs.

Integumentary system

Organ system that protects against environmental hazards and controls body temperature.

Skeletal system

Organ system that provides body support, protection, blood cell formation in bone marrow, and mineral storage.

Muscular system

Organ system responsible for locomotion, support, and producing heat to control body temperature.

Nervous system

Organ system that directs fast responses to stimuli and coordinates activities of all other body systems.

Endocrine system

Organ system regulating total body metabolism, growth, reproduction, and long-term changes in homeostasis.

Cardiovascular system

Organ system that propels and distributes blood to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

Lymphatic system

Organ system that returns excess extracellular fluid to the veins and participates in body defense/immune response.

Respiratory system

Organ system responsible for conducting air and enabling gas exchange between air and circulating blood.

Digestive system

Organ system that processes food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates solid wastes.

Urinary system

Organ system that forms and concentrates urine, eliminates wastes, regulates blood pH/ion concentrations, and maintains water balance.

Interphase

The non-dividing stage of the cell cycle consisting of $\text{G}_1$ (growth), S (DNA duplication), and $\text{G}_2$ (protein synthesis for M phase).

Parfocal

A feature of a microscope where an object focused under a low-power objective remains substantially in focus when switching to a higher-power objective.