neurons + endocrine + chromosomes

neuroscience

science of neuronsneuroanatomy: parts of a neuron

neuroanatomy

parts of a neuron

neurons

nerve cells in brain and nervous system

neurotransmitters

located in terminal branches, and communicates messages

dendrites

root like, make connection with another neuron

soma

body, parts of cell

axon

cable like thing

terminal branch

contain neurotransmitters

myelin sheath

fatty lipid, around axon, speeds up neural impulses

nodes of ranvier

in between myelin sheath, speeds up message

synapse

gap between neurons

glial cells

provide nutrition and protection for the neurons

schwann cells

makes myelin sheath and cells in PNS

Action Potential

electric charge down the axon

threshold

amount of stimulation needed to trigger a neural impulse, NA+ enter cell, more pos

resting state

negative, K+ (neg ions) inside cell, pos (NA+) around it

depolarization

electric charge more pos and axon

repolarization

K+ out

all or none principle

either fires completely or doesn’t fire

excitatory

excite next cell

inhibitory

inhibit next cell

afferent neurons

sensory send to brain

interneurons

in between neurons, info from brain/spinal cord or efferent

efferent neurons

“exit” brain

endocrine system

system of glands that secrete hormones, hypothalamus

pituitary gland

near hypothalamus, control all glands

adrenal glands

adrenaline, signal fight or flight

pancreas

regulate glucose, secrete insulin and glucagon

ovaries

estrogen, woman sex hormone

testes

testosterone, men sex hormone

monozygotic twins

1 zygote, identical twins, same genetic material, same enviro, similar IQ, both genetics and enviro

women chromosome

XX

men chromosome

XY

turner’s syndrome

only one X chromosome

klinefelter’s syndrome

extra X (XXY)

down syndrome

extra 21 pair of chromosome