Marine Engineering and Naval Architecture Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering naval architecture, ship construction, safety management systems, and operational maritime regulations based on surveyor oral exam review notes.

SEEMP

Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan; an operational measure to improve energy efficiency of vessels above $400\text{ GRT}$ in a cost-effective manner by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

EEDI

Energy Efficiency Design Index; an indication of energy efficiency expressed as $CO_2$ emissions per transport work (cargo carried in ton-mile).

EEXI

Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index; measures a ship's $CO_2$ emissions relative to installed engine power, ship speed, and transport capacity to reduce carbon intensity on existing vessels.

EEOI

Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator; a operational tool measuring how energy-efficiently a vessel is operated in service.

PV Valve

Pressure Vacuum valve; fitted on cargo tanks to maintain positive pressure or vacuum protection, lifting at set pressure of $17.5\text{ kPa}$ or vacuum of $-3.5\text{ kPa}$.

PV Breaker

Pressure Vacuum breaker; liquid-filled backup safety device for cargo tanks, set to relieve excess tank pressure at $20.59\text{ kPa}$ or vacuum at $-6.86\text{ kPa}$.

Weathertight Door

A door designed to withstand water pressure from one side only, located above the waterline deck or on the wheelhouse.

Watertight Door

A door constructed to withstand water pressure from both sides to maintain buoyancy and prevent internal flooding between compartments.

Spurling Pipe

A steel pipe through which an anchor chain passes from the forecastle deck down into the chain locker.

Hawse Pipe

A pipe guiding the anchor chain from deck level through the hull plating, allowing free release and secure stowage of the anchor.

Freeboard

The vertical distance from the waterline to the top of the deck plating at the side of the deck amidships.

Plimsoll Line

A reference mark located amidships on both port and starboard sides of a ship's hull indicating maximum allowable loading draft.

Margin Line

An imaginary line drawn at least $76\text{ mm}$ below the upper surface of the bulkhead deck at side, defining the highest permissible limit of damaged waterplane.

Transom Space

A space located in the steering gear room near the rudder trunk used for inspecting rudder trunk condition and lubrication.

Rudder Drop

The wear-down measurement of the rudder carrier bearing, measured using an L-shaped trammel gauge.

EEBD

Emergency Escape Breathing Device; a $2.5\text{ L}$, $200\text{ bar}$ oxygen set providing $400\text{ L}$ of air for $10\text{ minutes}$, used strictly for escape.

SCBA

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus; a $200\text{ bar}$ breathing apparatus providing $1200\text{ L}$ of air lasting up to $30\text{ minutes}$, used for firefighting and rescue operations.

TPA

Thermal Protective Aid; an aluminized polyethylene suit that reduces convective and evaporative heat loss, functional within air temperatures of $-30^\text{o}\text{C}$ to $+20^\text{o}\text{C}$.

EPIRB

Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon; a buoyant, distress transmitter operating on $406.5\text{ MHz}$ with a 5-year battery life.

SART

Search & Rescue Transponder; a locator device operating in the $9\text{ GHz}$ frequency band with $96\text{ hours}$ standby capacity and $8\text{ hours}$ active transmission.

Length Overall (LOA)

The maximum length of a ship measured from the foremost point of the bow to the aftermost point of the stern.

Length Between Perpendiculars (LBP)

The distance measured between vertical perpendiculars drawn through the points where the design waterline intersects the stem and stern.

Floodable Length

The maximum length of a ship's compartment that can be flooded without submerging the margin line.

Camber

The transverse curvature of the deck from the centreline down to the ship's side to facilitate water drainage.

Sheer

The longitudinal curvature of a deck rising from midships toward the bow and stern.

Rise of Floor

The upward slope of the bottom shell plating from the keel toward the bilge to facilitate drainage.

Tumble Home

The inward curvature or gradual tapering of the ship's hull plating above the waterline.

Flare

The outward curvature of the shell plating at the forward end of the ship, providing extra buoyancy and deck area while pitching.

Displacement

The total mass of water displaced by a floating ship, calculated as $\text{Displacement} = \text{Lightweight} + \text{Deadweight}$.

Deadweight

The total mass a ship carries, including cargo, fuel oil, ballast water, and stores, excluding the mass of the unladen vessel.

Lightweight

The static mass of the completely empty ship structure, including machinery and fittings, without cargo, fuel, ballast, or stores.

Gross Tonnage (GRT)

A volumetric measure of the overall internal volume of a ship from keel to funnel, including earning and non-earning spaces.

Net Tonnage (NRT)

A volumetric measure representing the total internal volume of a ship's cargo-earning spaces.

TPC

Tonne Per Centimetre; the mass in tonnes required to increase the mean draft of a vessel by $1\text{ cm}$, calculated as $\text{TPC} = \frac{A_w \times S}{100}$.

Rake

The tilt angle of propeller blades forward or backward relative to the hub surface when viewed from the side.

Skew

The sideways curvature or twist of propeller blades when viewed from behind, designed to minimize unsteady forces.

Propeller Pitch

The theoretical distance a propeller moves forward along its axis during one complete revolution.

Propeller Slip

The difference between actual distance travelled by a ship and the theoretical distance determined by propeller pitch multiplied by revolutions.

Center of Flotation

The centroid of the waterplane area about which a ship trims when weights are added or removed.

Shear Strake

The topmost continuous strake of side shell plating adjacent to the deck plating, designed $10-20\text{\%}$ thicker than other side plates.

Garboard Strake

The first strake of bottom shell plating located immediately adjacent to the keel strake.

Duct Keel

An internal box-shaped watertight tunnel running along the centreline between the collision bulkhead and engine room for pipeline housing and inspection.

Fire Wallet

A weatherproof container located near the accommodation entrance holding general arrangement plans, fire fighting plans, and crew lists.

Bulbous Bow

A bulb-shaped projection at the bow below the waterline designed to cancel the bow wave and reduce wave-making resistance.

Stiff Ship

A vessel with a large metacentric height ($GM$) caused by a low Centre of Gravity ($KG$), resulting in short roll periods and violent uprighting movements.

Tender Ship

A vessel with a small metacentric height ($GM$) caused by a high Centre of Gravity ($KG$), resulting in long roll periods and low righting capability.

Metacentre

The intersection point of a vertical line through the centre of buoyancy of an inclined ship with the vertical centreline.

Metacentric Height (GM)

The vertical distance between a ship's Centre of Gravity ($G$) and Transverse Metacentre ($M$).

Angle of Loll

The stable angle of heel assumed by an unstable ship with an initial negative metacentric height ($GM$).

Angle of Contra-Flexure

The angle of heel on a $GZ$ curve where maximum righting lever occurs and the curve transitions from concave to convex.

Free Surface Effect

The adverse stability effect created by the movement of liquid across partially filled tanks as the ship rolls, causing a virtual rise in the Centre of Gravity.

Frame

A transverse structural rib welded to the keel that provides shape and transverse strength to the hull.

Girder

A primary longitudinal structural beam running fore-and-aft that carries dynamic loads and supports transverse beams.

Hogging

Hull stress caused when heavy weight concentrated at the bow and stern causes the keel to arch upward amidships.

Sagging

Hull stress caused when weight concentrated amidships causes the hull structure to bend downward.

Racking

Transverse structural deformation that occurs when wave crests exert forces across one side of the vessel hull.

Panting

In-and-out flexural movement of bow shell plating under changing water pressure variations as waves pass the bow.

Pounding

Severe impact stress caused when pitching lifts the bow out of the water and slams it back onto the sea surface.

BLEVE

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion; a physical explosion resulting from the catastrophic rupture of a vessel containing a pressurized liquid above its boiling point.

Explosimeter

A Wheatstone bridge gas detector with a chemically coated sensing filament designed to measure up to $6\text{\%}$ LEL of hydrocarbon gases in atmospheres containing at least $11\text{\%}$ oxygen.

Tankscope

A Wheatstone bridge gas detector with an uncoated sensing filament designed to measure up to $6\text{\%}$ by volume of hydrocarbon gases in inert atmospheres ($< 8\text{\%}$ oxygen).

Squat Effect

A hydrodynamic phenomenon in shallow water where increased water flow velocity beneath the hull reduces pressure, causing the vessel to sink lower and alter trim.